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With the continued improvement in integration and power density of electronic devices, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve excellent temperature uniformity and cooling performance with the increasing heat flux of electronic component. Herein, a multi-jet impinging system with trapezoidal fins and secondary channels, which can be used to efficiently cool the electronic component, is proposed. The effects of different jet arrangement patterns and geometric parameters on heat transfer in the heat sinks were investigated through numerical simulations. Individual parameter analysis was conducted, and the numerical results provided deep insight into heat transfer and flow mechanism. The unilateral jet arrangement patterns yielded larger heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops, but the bilateral jet arrangement pattern exhibited better comprehensive performance. The jet patterns with quasi-symmetric flow and heat transfer features showed a better dissipation performance, and the temperature difference of the heated surface was <5.5 K with a heat flux of 200 W/cm2. To investigate the influences of the parameters comprehensively, the Taguchi optimization method was subsequently employed to analyze their effects on the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, and overall performance. Finally, the optimal parameter combinations and contribution ratios were obtained. The jet pattern and fin angle demonstrated the largest and smallest degrees of influence, respectively, among the optimization objectives. The proposed hybrid heat sink exhibited a better comprehensive performance than other types of heat sinks owing to the small product of the thermal resistance and pump power. The study provides a valuable perspective on multi-jet impinging system for electronic device cooling.
W. Gao; J.F. Zhang; Z.G. Qu; W.Q. Tao. Numerical investigations of heat transfer in hybrid microchannel heat sink with multi-jet impinging and trapezoidal fins. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2021, 164, 106902 .
AMA StyleW. Gao, J.F. Zhang, Z.G. Qu, W.Q. Tao. Numerical investigations of heat transfer in hybrid microchannel heat sink with multi-jet impinging and trapezoidal fins. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2021; 164 ():106902.
Chicago/Turabian StyleW. Gao; J.F. Zhang; Z.G. Qu; W.Q. Tao. 2021. "Numerical investigations of heat transfer in hybrid microchannel heat sink with multi-jet impinging and trapezoidal fins." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 164, no. : 106902.
Minimizing platinum (Pt) loading while reserving high reaction efficiency in the catalyst layer (CL) has been confirmed as one of the key issues in improving the performance and application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To enhance the reaction efficiency of Pt catalyst in CL, the interfacial interactions in the three-phase interface, i.e., carbon, Pt, and ionomer should be first clarified. In this study, a molecular model containing carbon, Pt, and ionomer compositions is built and the radial distribution functions (RDFs), diffusion coefficient, water cluster morphology, and thermal conductivity are investigated after the equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) and nonequilibrium MD simulations. The results indicate that increasing water content improves water aggregation and cluster interconnection, both of which benefit the transport of oxygen and proton in the CL. The growing amount of ionomer promotes proton transport but generates additional resistance to oxygen. Both the increase of water and ionomer improve the thermal conductivity of the C. The above-mentioned findings are expected to help design catalyst layers with optimized Pt content and enhanced reaction efficiency, and further improve the performance of PEMFCs.
Wenkai Wang; Zhiguo Qu; Xueliang Wang; Jianfei Zhang. A Molecular Model of PEMFC Catalyst Layer: Simulation on Reactant Transport and Thermal Conduction. Membranes 2021, 11, 148 .
AMA StyleWenkai Wang, Zhiguo Qu, Xueliang Wang, Jianfei Zhang. A Molecular Model of PEMFC Catalyst Layer: Simulation on Reactant Transport and Thermal Conduction. Membranes. 2021; 11 (2):148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenkai Wang; Zhiguo Qu; Xueliang Wang; Jianfei Zhang. 2021. "A Molecular Model of PEMFC Catalyst Layer: Simulation on Reactant Transport and Thermal Conduction." Membranes 11, no. 2: 148.
Ionic wind pumps have considerable potential for flow control, heat transfer, and drying applications due to their advantages of low energy consumption, compact structure, flexible design, and lack of moving parts. However, a high flow rate ionic wind pump with large cross-sectional for cooling high thermal power electronic devices requires further research. In this study, a two-stage ionic wind pump with needle-to-mesh electrodes was developed for cooling electronics. Experimental systems were established to test the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The effects of needle electrodes’ arrangement, mesh electrodes’ structure, needle tip-to-mesh gap, and stage distance on the output velocity and power consumption of ionic wind pumps were investigated. The influence of the arrangement of an ionic wind pump and heat sink on the cooling performance was also studied. Two groups of interactive mechanisms, interference between neighboring needles and needle density, the discharge effect and the resistance effect of mesh electrodes, affected the flow characteristics. A grid size with an optimal value of 4 mm was obtained by combining the discharge and resistance effects. As the needle tip-to-mesh gap increased, the velocity at the same applied voltage decreased but the velocity limit near the breakdown voltage increased. Counter discharge between the stages induced additional power consumption. As the stage distance increased, the breakdown shifted from between two stages to within each stage. The counter discharge disappeared as the stage distance increased to greater than 29 mm. At the ionic wind pump’s optimum parameters, the output velocity of 3.91 m/s was achieved. And the cooling experiment indicated that the optimized ionic wind pump can reduced the surface temperature of a 200 W power heat source by more than 30 °C. The present study provides guidance for heat dissipation designs for maintenance-free electronics in remote areas.
M.J. Zeng; J.F. Zhang; S. Wang; Z.G. Qu. Analysis of a two-stage ionic wind pump with multiple needle-to-mesh electrodes for cooling electronics. Applied Thermal Engineering 2020, 185, 116340 .
AMA StyleM.J. Zeng, J.F. Zhang, S. Wang, Z.G. Qu. Analysis of a two-stage ionic wind pump with multiple needle-to-mesh electrodes for cooling electronics. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2020; 185 ():116340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.J. Zeng; J.F. Zhang; S. Wang; Z.G. Qu. 2020. "Analysis of a two-stage ionic wind pump with multiple needle-to-mesh electrodes for cooling electronics." Applied Thermal Engineering 185, no. : 116340.
High temperature during electronic components operation can cause the failure of PN junctions of chips, and it can even damage the entire component. Ionic wind is a promising technique for heat dissipation due to its noiseless, compact structure and flexible design. In this study, needle-ring-type ionic wind devices with multi-needle electrodes connected in parallel are developed for cooling an electronic component. The effects of the number of needles, needle electrode material (tungsten and stainless steel), inter-electrode distance on the device output velocity and cooling performance are experimentally studied for a cylindrical heat sink mounted with a heating film. A full three-dimensional multi-physical numerical method, in which the coupled effects of the electric field, air flow, and heat transfer are considered, is also established. Mutual interference of the electric fields is identified between needle electrodes. The ionic wind velocity is determined by electric field strength and the angle between the ring axis and the line that connects the needle tip and the upper edge of the ring. The wind velocity first decreases and then increases with continuously increasing inter-electrode distance. Although the electrode material has an obvious effect on the ionic wind velocity of the free flow state, the heating film surface temperature is not sensitive to the needle material, whereas it is sensitive to the inter-electrode distance and the number of needles. The output wind velocity of the four-needle layout is larger than that of the three-needle layout despite backflow inside the ring. The heating film surface temperature is below 55 °C for the two designed electrode layouts, which is lower than the safety temperature of 70 °C. This study can serve as a guideline for developing multi-electrode ionic wind cooling systems.
Jingguo Qu; Jianfei Zhang; Mingjie Li; Wenquan Tao. Heat dissipation of electronic components by ionic wind from multi-needle electrodes discharge: Experimental and multi-physical analysis. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2020, 163, 120406 .
AMA StyleJingguo Qu, Jianfei Zhang, Mingjie Li, Wenquan Tao. Heat dissipation of electronic components by ionic wind from multi-needle electrodes discharge: Experimental and multi-physical analysis. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2020; 163 ():120406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingguo Qu; Jianfei Zhang; Mingjie Li; Wenquan Tao. 2020. "Heat dissipation of electronic components by ionic wind from multi-needle electrodes discharge: Experimental and multi-physical analysis." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 163, no. : 120406.
Cryogenic vessels are widely used in many areas, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), aerospace, and medical fields. A suitable filling method is one of the prerequisites for the effective use of cryogenic containers. In this study, the filling process for the sloshing condition of a liquid hydrogen storage tank is numerically simulated and analyzed by coupling the sloshing model and the phase-change model. The effects of different sloshing conditions during the filling process are investigated by changing the amplitude and frequency of the sloshing. Within the scope of this study, there is a critical value for the effect of sloshing conditions on the pressure curve during the filling process. The critical value corresponds to a frequency f equal to 3 Hz and an amplitude A equal to 0.03 m. According to the simulation results, when the sloshing exceeds the critical value, the internal pressure curve of the storage tank increases significantly. Under microgravity conditions, within the scope of this study, the pressure curve changes less than the normal gravity, even if the amplitude and frequency increase. The sloshing makes it easier for the liquid to spread along the wall during the filling process. This also further weakens the temperature stratification in the storage tank.
Guomeng Wei; Jianfei Zhang. Numerical Study of the Filling Process of a Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank under Different Sloshing Conditions. Processes 2020, 8, 1020 .
AMA StyleGuomeng Wei, Jianfei Zhang. Numerical Study of the Filling Process of a Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank under Different Sloshing Conditions. Processes. 2020; 8 (9):1020.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuomeng Wei; Jianfei Zhang. 2020. "Numerical Study of the Filling Process of a Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank under Different Sloshing Conditions." Processes 8, no. 9: 1020.
In this paper, a three dimensional (3D) numerical model of a rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) is developed. The impacts of length, width, longitudinal spacing, and number of LVG pairs are discussed. To improve the flow and heat-transfer performance, the Taguchi method is employed for optimization. Three evaluation indexes—Nusselt number (Nu), Fanning friction factor (f), and overall efficiency (η)—are selected. The analysis of the influence degree of the geometric parameters of LVGs are carried out by intuitive analysis of the Taguchi method results, and the optimum combinations of geometric parameters are also determined. Also, the second-order dimensionless correlations involving multiple impact factors are obtained through response surface analysis. Results show that the number and longitudinal spacing of LVG pairs are the main impact factors for Nu. Regarding the flow resistance, the number and length of LVGs have a much stronger influence than other parameters. Two optimum combinations for Nu and overall efficiency are acquired, which achieve a 23.6% and 7.2% increase for Nu and overall efficiency, respectively, compared with the original model. The maximum differences between the correlations and test models are less than 15% for all of the evaluation indexes. The present investigation can be beneficial for the design and optimization of LVGs-enhanced microchannel heat sinks.
Jian-Fei Zhang; Long Jia; Wei-Wei Yang; Jan Taler; Paweł Ocłoń. Numerical analysis and parametric optimization on flow and heat transfer of a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2019, 141, 211 -221.
AMA StyleJian-Fei Zhang, Long Jia, Wei-Wei Yang, Jan Taler, Paweł Ocłoń. Numerical analysis and parametric optimization on flow and heat transfer of a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2019; 141 ():211-221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian-Fei Zhang; Long Jia; Wei-Wei Yang; Jan Taler; Paweł Ocłoń. 2019. "Numerical analysis and parametric optimization on flow and heat transfer of a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 141, no. : 211-221.
Ionic wind generators have shown significant application potential in devices for cooling, air actuation, and flow control. In this study, a needle-to-ring electrode ionic wind generator with optimized parameters was employed to cool a heated copper plate. A three-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted to obtain the electric, flow, and temperature fields of the ionic wind generator. To verify the ionic wind generator's capacity to cool the heated plate, an ionic wind generator prototype was fabricated and experimentally tested. The temperature distribution of the plate heated by a uniform distributed heat flux and non-uniform heat flux with a local hot spot was analyzed. Results show that the applied voltage should be less than the threshold voltage of spark discharge to ensure effective and stable operation of the ionic wind generator. When the plate is heated by a uniform heat flux, the temperature distribution in most areas around the center of the plate is relatively uniform. If a hot spot exists, the temperature of the central plate is higher than that of the surrounding areas, and the radial temperature difference gradually increases with the increase of the hot-spot heat flux. Moreover, the high-temperature area in the center of the plate gradually expands with increasing hot-spot radius. Besides, the increase in the copper plate thickness has little influence on the final temperature distribution. The heated plate with a uniform heat flux below 2 kW/m2 could be cooled to below 80 °C by the ionic wind generator at an applied voltage of 11 kV. When the plate is heated by a non-uniform heat flux with a hot spot, compared with the experimental results of natural convection, ionic wind can effectively reduce the temperature of the plate (a temperature drop of at least 45 °C was observed). This study provides a potential solution for commercial chip cooling with needle-to-ring-type ionic wind generators.
S. Wang; J.G. Qu; L.J. Kong; J.F. Zhang; Z.G. Qu. Numerical and experimental study of heat-transfer characteristics of needle-to-ring-type ionic wind generator for heated-plate cooling. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2019, 139, 176 -185.
AMA StyleS. Wang, J.G. Qu, L.J. Kong, J.F. Zhang, Z.G. Qu. Numerical and experimental study of heat-transfer characteristics of needle-to-ring-type ionic wind generator for heated-plate cooling. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2019; 139 ():176-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Wang; J.G. Qu; L.J. Kong; J.F. Zhang; Z.G. Qu. 2019. "Numerical and experimental study of heat-transfer characteristics of needle-to-ring-type ionic wind generator for heated-plate cooling." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 139, no. : 176-185.
Ionic wind pumps have attracted considerable interest because of their low energy consumption, compact structures, flexible designs, and lack of moving parts. However, large cross-sectional ionic wind pumps have yet to be numerically analyzed and experimentally optimized. Accordingly, this study develops a large cross-sectional ionic wind pump with multiple needles-to-mesh electrode, as well as analyzes its flow characteristics using a proposed full three-dimensional simulation method validated with experimental data. To obtain a considerably high outlet average velocity, experimental studies and numerical methods are employed to optimize the pump's configuration parameters, including needle electrode configuration, needle diameter, grid size, and gap between electrodes. The breakdown voltage and highest velocity corresponding to the breakdown voltage increase with an increase in the needle tip-to-mesh gap. After parametric optimization, a maximum velocity of 2.55 m/s and a flow rate of 2868 L/min are achieved.
Jian Fei Zhang; Shuang Wang; M. J. Zeng; Z. G. Qu. Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Flow Characteristics of Large Cross-Sectional Ionic Wind Pump With Multiple Needles-to-Mesh Electrode. Journal of Fluids Engineering 2018, 141, 031105 .
AMA StyleJian Fei Zhang, Shuang Wang, M. J. Zeng, Z. G. Qu. Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Flow Characteristics of Large Cross-Sectional Ionic Wind Pump With Multiple Needles-to-Mesh Electrode. Journal of Fluids Engineering. 2018; 141 (3):031105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian Fei Zhang; Shuang Wang; M. J. Zeng; Z. G. Qu. 2018. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Flow Characteristics of Large Cross-Sectional Ionic Wind Pump With Multiple Needles-to-Mesh Electrode." Journal of Fluids Engineering 141, no. 3: 031105.
In some pressure-based methods, inner iteration processes are introduced to achieve efficient solutions. However, number of the inner iteration is fixed as 2 or 4 for different computations. In this paper, a mechanism is proposed to control inner iteration processes to make the number of inner iterations vary adaptively with different problems. The adaptive inner iteration processes are used in viscous compressible flows. Results reveal that by introducing inner iteration processes, computational efficiency is highly improved compared with that of the solution without inner iteration. In addition, adaptive inner iteration solutions have better robustness than fixed inner iteration solutions.
Jin-Ping Wang; Jian-Fei Zhang; Zhi-Guo Qu; Wen-Quan Tao. Adaptive inner iteration processes in pressure-based method for viscous compressible flows. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 2018, 74, 603 -622.
AMA StyleJin-Ping Wang, Jian-Fei Zhang, Zhi-Guo Qu, Wen-Quan Tao. Adaptive inner iteration processes in pressure-based method for viscous compressible flows. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals. 2018; 74 (3):603-622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin-Ping Wang; Jian-Fei Zhang; Zhi-Guo Qu; Wen-Quan Tao. 2018. "Adaptive inner iteration processes in pressure-based method for viscous compressible flows." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 74, no. 3: 603-622.
Ionic wind cooling for electronic elements is a relevant research field. In order to study the cooling performance of ionic wind on a Light Emitting Diode (LED), an ionic wind generator with a needles-ring electrode configuration was set up. A cylindrical heat sink for the heat dissipation of a heating film representing the LED chip was also manufactured. Following this, the effect of the needle number, the distance between the needles and the ring electrode, and the polarity of the corona discharge on the ionic wind velocity were studied. Finally, the optimal distance between the needles and the ring electrode was adopted to attain the maximum wind velocity with different numbers of needles. After this, the ionic wind device was used to cool the heating film at the working power of 10 watts. The surface temperature of the heating film was measured to evaluate the cooling performance of the ionic wind device. The experimental results indicate that the maximum temperature drop in the heating film center reaches 35.6 °C in the five needle-electrode case, which is very effective and can meet the demands of a 10 watts LED heat dissipation.
Jingguo Qu; Lingjian Kong; Jianfei Zhang. Experimental Investigation on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Needle-Cylinder Type Ionic Wind Generator for LED Cooling. Energies 2018, 11, 1149 .
AMA StyleJingguo Qu, Lingjian Kong, Jianfei Zhang. Experimental Investigation on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Needle-Cylinder Type Ionic Wind Generator for LED Cooling. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingguo Qu; Lingjian Kong; Jianfei Zhang. 2018. "Experimental Investigation on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Needle-Cylinder Type Ionic Wind Generator for LED Cooling." Energies 11, no. 5: 1149.
The effect of round-off errors on the solution of numerical heat transfer is illustrated by a simple example both analytically and numerically. It is found that the upper bound of the round-off error under both conditions with or without an inner heat source is proportional to the square of grid number—n2. Increase in grid number might lead to larger round-off errors. The magnitude of relative round-off error is also determined by the specific problem. Proper treatment of the computation procedure can reduce the round-off error obviously. The precision can be improved with this method without occupation of additional computational resources.
Shan-Cong Mou; Yuxuan Luan; Wen-Tao Ji; Jian-Fei Zhang; Wen-Quan Tao. An example for the effect of round-off errors on numerical heat transfer. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 2017, 72, 21 -32.
AMA StyleShan-Cong Mou, Yuxuan Luan, Wen-Tao Ji, Jian-Fei Zhang, Wen-Quan Tao. An example for the effect of round-off errors on numerical heat transfer. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals. 2017; 72 (1):21-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShan-Cong Mou; Yuxuan Luan; Wen-Tao Ji; Jian-Fei Zhang; Wen-Quan Tao. 2017. "An example for the effect of round-off errors on numerical heat transfer." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 72, no. 1: 21-32.
Jian Fei Zhang; Y.L. He; W.Q. Tao. Erratum: “A Design and Rating Method for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers With Helical Baffles” [Journal of Heat Transfer, 2010, 132(5), p. 051802]. Journal of Heat Transfer 2015, 137, 107001 .
AMA StyleJian Fei Zhang, Y.L. He, W.Q. Tao. Erratum: “A Design and Rating Method for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers With Helical Baffles” [Journal of Heat Transfer, 2010, 132(5), p. 051802]. Journal of Heat Transfer. 2015; 137 (10):107001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian Fei Zhang; Y.L. He; W.Q. Tao. 2015. "Erratum: “A Design and Rating Method for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers With Helical Baffles” [Journal of Heat Transfer, 2010, 132(5), p. 051802]." Journal of Heat Transfer 137, no. 10: 107001.
Jian-Fei Zhang; Jin-Ping Wang; Zhi-Guo Qu; Ya-Ling He; Wen-Quan Tao. The study of different discretized schemes for density and convection terms in high speed compressible flow using the pressure-based method. Applied Thermal Engineering 2014, 73, 1533 -1540.
AMA StyleJian-Fei Zhang, Jin-Ping Wang, Zhi-Guo Qu, Ya-Ling He, Wen-Quan Tao. The study of different discretized schemes for density and convection terms in high speed compressible flow using the pressure-based method. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2014; 73 (2):1533-1540.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian-Fei Zhang; Jin-Ping Wang; Zhi-Guo Qu; Ya-Ling He; Wen-Quan Tao. 2014. "The study of different discretized schemes for density and convection terms in high speed compressible flow using the pressure-based method." Applied Thermal Engineering 73, no. 2: 1533-1540.
A three-dimensional numerical model that couples the electric field, velocity field, and temperature field is developed based on the commercial code COMSOL Multiphysics. The influences of several factors on convective heat transfer on a heated plate in the electric field generated by a needle electrode are observed. The factors are the applied voltage, the distance between the two electrodes, and the size of the ground plate. The results show that applied voltage is one of the most important factors for the convection heat transfer. The convection heat transfer efficiency significantly increases with the improvement of the applied voltage. From the perspective of the model size, the decrease of the distance between two electrodes and the size of the plate could improve the average convection heat transfer coefficient. Smaller ionic wind device needs lower applied voltage and less electric energy to obtain the same average convection heat transfer coefficient as the bigger one, which provides the theoretical basis for the potential of miniaturizing the ionic wind cooling device.
Jianfei Zhang; Chu Zhao; Hongyan Li; Wenquan Tao. 3D Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer of a Heated Plate under the Electric Field Generated by a Needle Electrode. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014, 2014, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJianfei Zhang, Chu Zhao, Hongyan Li, Wenquan Tao. 3D Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer of a Heated Plate under the Electric Field Generated by a Needle Electrode. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2014; 2014 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianfei Zhang; Chu Zhao; Hongyan Li; Wenquan Tao. 2014. "3D Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer of a Heated Plate under the Electric Field Generated by a Needle Electrode." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014, no. : 1-10.
In this article, a comparison is made between the robustness and efficiency of the CLEAR algorithm and the SIMPLE algorithm on nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates for compressible flows. Thirteen different high-order convection schemes are employed in the calculations. Subsonic flow, transsonic flow, and supersonic flow in a channel with a circular arc bump and compressible flow in a Laval nozzle are used as test cases. The CLEAR algorithm shows huge potential to compute the transsonic flow in the Laval nozzle and high-speed compressible flows. Results with the ADBQUICKEST scheme, the HLPA scheme, and the MUSCL scheme are stable for both the compressible SIMPLE and CLEAR algorithms for all the mentioned cases.
Jin-Ping Wang; Jian-Fei Zhang; Zhi-Guo Qu; Ya-Ling He; Wen-Quan Tao. Comparison of Robustness and Efficiency for SIMPLE and CLEAR Algorithms with 13 High-Resolution Convection Schemes in Compressible Flows. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 2014, 66, 133 -161.
AMA StyleJin-Ping Wang, Jian-Fei Zhang, Zhi-Guo Qu, Ya-Ling He, Wen-Quan Tao. Comparison of Robustness and Efficiency for SIMPLE and CLEAR Algorithms with 13 High-Resolution Convection Schemes in Compressible Flows. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals. 2014; 66 (2):133-161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin-Ping Wang; Jian-Fei Zhang; Zhi-Guo Qu; Ya-Ling He; Wen-Quan Tao. 2014. "Comparison of Robustness and Efficiency for SIMPLE and CLEAR Algorithms with 13 High-Resolution Convection Schemes in Compressible Flows." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 66, no. 2: 133-161.
Many research studies have been conducted on the performance of shell and tube heat exchanger with helical baffles because of its lower shell-side pressure drop, lower fouling resistance and lower operation and maintenance cost. But the extension of those studies into practical application is limited because of the additional effects caused by the small-size model. In this paper, the performance of shell-and-tube oil coolers with overlapped helical baffles and segmental baffles is compared experimentally, and both of the oil coolers are practical products. The results show that the OCHB (Oil Cooler with Helical Baffles) gets lower shell side pressure drop and higher heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop at fixed volume flow rate than the OCSB (Oil Cooler with Segmental Baffles). Based on the experimental data, it can be predicted that with proper design the OCHB can get better heat transfer performance than OCSB. The present studies are beneficial for the design and practical operation of OCSB and OCHB.
Jian-Fei Zhang; Shao-Long Guo; Zhong-Zhen Li; Jin-Ping Wang; Ya-Ling He; Wen-Quan Tao. Experimental performance comparison of shell-and-tube oil coolers with overlapped helical baffles and segmental baffles. Applied Thermal Engineering 2013, 58, 336 -343.
AMA StyleJian-Fei Zhang, Shao-Long Guo, Zhong-Zhen Li, Jin-Ping Wang, Ya-Ling He, Wen-Quan Tao. Experimental performance comparison of shell-and-tube oil coolers with overlapped helical baffles and segmental baffles. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2013; 58 (1-2):336-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian-Fei Zhang; Shao-Long Guo; Zhong-Zhen Li; Jin-Ping Wang; Ya-Ling He; Wen-Quan Tao. 2013. "Experimental performance comparison of shell-and-tube oil coolers with overlapped helical baffles and segmental baffles." Applied Thermal Engineering 58, no. 1-2: 336-343.
Rabbit hair is a kind of animal hair, containing a large amount of keratin which can be extracted. According to the preparation method of wool protein powder, rabbit hair powder was obtained, and the morphology of the protein powder was observed by microscopy. By reacting with the alkali solution, two kinds of protein powders which were prepared from rabbit hair and wool, were used in modification of polyester fabric. Experimental results showed that samples with rabbit hair protein powder has evident improvement in moisture absorption of polyester fabric compared with untreated and wool powder treated samples, while UV protective properties of sample treated by rabbit hair powder was unexpected decreased, a further investigation will carry out to explain it.
Ya He; Ruo Ying Zhu; Jian Fei Zhang. Property and Application of Rabbit Protein Powder. Advanced Materials Research 2011, 332-334, 1727 -1730.
AMA StyleYa He, Ruo Ying Zhu, Jian Fei Zhang. Property and Application of Rabbit Protein Powder. Advanced Materials Research. 2011; 332-334 ():1727-1730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYa He; Ruo Ying Zhu; Jian Fei Zhang. 2011. "Property and Application of Rabbit Protein Powder." Advanced Materials Research 332-334, no. : 1727-1730.