Climate change presents significant problems to Malaysia, impacting its ecology and socio-economic structure through modified precipitation patterns, heightened flooding, coastal erosion, and agricultural susceptibility. This review methodically evaluates the utilization of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GISs) in comprehending these effects, employing a systematic approach following the PRISMA protocol. Through the examination of peer-reviewed papers from 2010 to 2024, we underscore the progress in remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies and their contribution to improving the spatial analysis of climate change impacts. Our research indicates considerable regional variations in the effects of climate change, highlighting the need for customized adaptation and mitigation efforts. The research Illustrates how advancements In remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GISs) have enhanced forecasting skills and real-time surveillance, offering essential insights into ecosystem susceptibilities and socio-economic threats. This analysis underscores the necessity for cohesive policy strategies that leverage remote sensing and geographic information system insights to tackle the complex difficulties posed by climate change in Malaysia while pushing for additional research on the amalgamation of artificial intelligence and big data analytics to bolster climate resilience.

Rice is an important staple food in Asia. However, modernization and rapid development have reduced and threatened the practice, especially maintaining traditional hill rice cultivation, as in this case study by the Iban in Kuala Tatau located in the largest state in Malaysia, called Sarawak. It is important to understand the problems and challenges of this issue to ensure food security among the rural population in Sarawak, particularly the Iban. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the issues and problems faced by rice farmers in Kuala Tatau, Sarawak. The respondents were Iban farmers in Kuala Tatau; named Sungai Semanok and Kuala Serupai, were selected as it is at a great distance from urban areas named Bintulu, and they still practices paddy cultivation. For the purpose of obtaining the data, qualitative research methods through in-depth interview techniques, group discussion and observation were utilized and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the rice sector faced major problems such as the decrease of the number of farmers and a weak system in the distribution of subsidies. However, there were differences shown in results between the two villages as well, which were in term of inadequate agricultural land, and issues on drainage and irrigation system, depending on the distance of the village from urban area, transport facilities, and other issues as discussed in the following section.

Upacara miring memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan komuniti Iban. Banyak kajian dan perbincangan mengenai upacara miring telah dilakukan, namun, upacara miring dalam konteks pemuliharaan bangunan bersejarah jarang diberi perhatian. Kebanyakan pengkaji memberikan tumpuan kepada upacara miring yang dilakukan semasa menyambut perayaan, aktiviti penanaman padi, pembinaan bangunan, infrastruktur serta aktiviti-aktiviti yang dirasakan memerlukan upacara miring dilakukan oleh komuniti pengamal. Oleh itu, objektif kertas kerja ini bertujuan membincangkan fungsi upacara miring dalam proses pemuliharaan kubu di Wilayah Tengah Sarawak, iaitu Kubu Emma di Daerah Kanowit dan Kubu Brooke di Daerah Julau. Upacara miring dilakukan sebelum kerja-kerja pemuliharaan di kawasan tersebut bermula. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif menggunakan teknik pemerhatian turut serta dan temubual mendalam. Informan merupakan individu berpengalaman yang mengendalikan upacara miring tersebut dan pakar adat istiadat komuniti Iban. Pemerhatian pula dilakukan semasa upacara miring tersebut dilakukan di tapak kajian. Proses analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis kandungan daripada temubual yang telah dijalankan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan upacara miring berperanan penting untuk memastikan kelancaran kerja-kerja pemuliharaan dua buah kubu tersebut selain menjaga sensitiviti komuniti Iban yang tinggal berdekatan dengan kubu tersebut. “Miring” ceremony plays an important role for the Iban’s community. Most previous researches and discussions focus on miring ceremonies but the discussion of the ceremony in the context of historical building preservation are extremely rare. Most researchers focus on the “miring” ceremonies held during the annual festivals, paddy cultivation, early phase of house construction and any activities that are considered need to be carried out the ceremony by the practitioner’s group. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the function of the miring ceremony in the process of preserving Fort Brooke in Julau and Fort Emma in Kanowit, Sarawak. The “miring” ceremony was held before the conservation work in the area began. This study utilises qualitative research methods using participatory observation techniques and in-depth interview. The informant was an experienced “miring” leader who conducted the ceremony and experts of Iban's tradition. Observations were made during the ceremony holds at the study site. The process of data analysis has been done using the content analysis techniques based on the transcriptions from the interviews conducted. Observations were made during the “miring” ceremony at the study site. The purpose of the observation was to see the process of miring ceremony.The findings show that the miring ceremony played an important role to make sure the process of preservation of both forts can be completed as planned and as well as to respect the sensitivity of the Iban community living near the fort.

A typical stereotype of the Iban longhouse as perceived by outsiders is a communal dwelling made from timber with compact linear building composition. However, this has changed over time due to several factors. The main objective of this paper is to find out the factors that cause changes in the spatial layout of longhouse and impacts of the changes. Understanding root causes of these changes are paramount to conservators and policymakers, enabling them to determine constraints in the event of conserving traditional longhouses architecture. The conservation of traditional longhouse is important for cultural tourism activities, as most of the foreign tourists prefer to experience the unique ambience of the traditional vernacular architecture together with the cultural activities related to its spaces, such as the ruai and tanju. This study is conducted using a case study method of two longhouses in Kapit and Sebuyau, Sarawak. Data collection includes in-depth interview and observation. Data analysis is done using building spatial analysis and historical timeline analysis. The findings show that although the Iban are still living in communal longhouses, there is an increasing trend showing their preferences to build and live in individual houses like the Malays and Melanaus in Sarawak. The changes in the spatial layout of the two longhouses are due to increasing number of household members, difficulty to access traditional building materials, especially timber, natural and fire hazard and characteristics of site topography that posed difficulty to maintain a linear extension of households. The implications of losing communal living will affect the sustenance of Iban cultural heritage, as most of the activities are related to distinct spaces in the longhouse. This will consequently lead to the loss of traditional identity and weaken social cohesion in the community. Keywords: Communal dwelling, Iban, longhouse, Sarawak, settlement pattern

Schools serve as community cornerstones, offering education and a platform for adult learning, healthcare services, and civic engagement. Recognising this vital role, this study uses a GIS multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach to identify suitable land for a new primary school in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. The MCDA approach assesses various critical criteria for optimal school placement, including population density, land use, school, clinic, land size, and topography or slope. The result shows that most of the land suitable for developing new schools is in the Seremban city centre due to development suitability, particularly the high population density and public facility availability. However, the study's findings also suggest that the location of the newly proposed primary schools should prioritise student accessibility and community integration in Nilai and Senawang. Ultimately, the identified land will contribute to a strong sense of community spirit and enhance the overall well-being of the area, providing valuable insights for urban planners, policymakers, and educators.