Climate change presents significant problems to Malaysia, impacting its ecology and socio-economic structure through modified precipitation patterns, heightened flooding, coastal erosion, and agricultural susceptibility. This review methodically evaluates the utilization of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GISs) in comprehending these effects, employing a systematic approach following the PRISMA protocol. Through the examination of peer-reviewed papers from 2010 to 2024, we underscore the progress in remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies and their contribution to improving the spatial analysis of climate change impacts. Our research indicates considerable regional variations in the effects of climate change, highlighting the need for customized adaptation and mitigation efforts. The research Illustrates how advancements In remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GISs) have enhanced forecasting skills and real-time surveillance, offering essential insights into ecosystem susceptibilities and socio-economic threats. This analysis underscores the necessity for cohesive policy strategies that leverage remote sensing and geographic information system insights to tackle the complex difficulties posed by climate change in Malaysia while pushing for additional research on the amalgamation of artificial intelligence and big data analytics to bolster climate resilience.

Food waste is a problem that has resulted in a variety of situations in which it is one of the primary causes of food insecurity. Changes in household behaviors, such as overbuying, are important drivers of food waste, particularly following the emergence of COVID-19. Studies on what drives household consumer engagement in various food-waste strategies have been limited. Thus, this paper aims to study the factors that lead to food-waste behavior at the household level in the Klang Valley area. Out of the 431 questionnaires distributed, 404 were useful, and the respondents for this study were from various ethnicities. A quantitative design was employed in this study, with descriptive and inference statistics derived from the questionnaire, which was distributed via Google Forms. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0 and Smart PLS version 3.0, to test the reliability, validity, and hypotheses of this study. A significant relationship exists between food-waste behavior, namely food expenditure, and waste reuse, but food-waste behavior has no relationship with food choice. The study’s conclusions highlight the significance of understanding and planning one’s food-buying behaviors, to achieve benefits additional to simply lowering the number of those who are at risk of being hungry. The study also found that male respondents wasted more food than their female counterparts.

Conventional farming practices can provide higher agricultural yields through the extensive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and other inputs. These practices have been associated with severe environmental effects, such as eutrophication, acidification, etc. Laser technology, among many other techniques, could be a viable option for environmental reduction if incorporated into agricultural production systems. However, the environmental performance of using lasers in agriculture practices needs to be investigated in order to provide sustainable management of the agriculture sector. Therefore, in this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of laser-induced maize production in bio-stimulated seeds was compared to conventional farming practices using the software SimaPro ver. 9.0. The study emphasized human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, and marine ecotoxicity due to their significant contributions. The results demonstrated that laser technology was an environmentally friendly system for treating maize seeds before sowing. The study further identified the mineral fertilization process as the most critical threat to the environment. Based on normalization, maize production process-related toxicity accounts for the highest environmental impacts of 8.2 and 7.3 kg 1,4-DCB/ton of grain produced by conventional practices and laser maize production, respectively, on the general environmental profile. At the endpoint level, the irradiated maize seeds performed better than their non-irradiated counterpart impacting human health at 5.46 × 10⁻³ DALY, ecosystems at 1.86 × 10⁻⁵ species⋅year, and resources at 60.74 USD 2013. Soil management was also identified as the conventional maize production process with the most significant environmental impacts. The greatest observed impacts were on marine ecotoxicity (19.23 kg 1,4-DCB) and freshwater ecotoxicity (12.94 kg 1,4-DCB) per ton of grain produced. The evaluation of potential human toxicity concluded that zinc contributed more than 90% in ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) and benzene contributed approximately 22% in CML 2000. The study concluded that improved environmental performance was obtained for laser-induced maize production compared to conventional farming practices. The LCA can provide information to policymakers and government agencies about shifting to more sustainable agricultural practices in arid regions, such as Iraq, prone to drought linked to water availability and soil salinity.