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Jaekyung Lee
Department of Urban Design and Planning, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Previous studies on commercial vacancy have mostly focused on the survival rate of commercial buildings over a certain time frame and the cause of their closure, due to a lack of appropriate data. Based on a time-series of 2,940,000 individual commercial facility data, the main purpose of this research is two-fold: (1) to examine long short-term memory (LSTM) as a feasible option for predicting trends in commercial districts and (2) to identify the influence of each variable on prediction results for establishing evidence-based decision-making on the primary influences of commercial vacancy. The results indicate that LSTM can be useful in simulating commercial vacancy dynamics. Furthermore, sales, floating population, and franchise rate were found to be the main determinants for commercial vacancy. The results suggest that it is imperative to control the cannibalization of commercial districts and develop their competitiveness to retain a consistent floating population.

ACS Style

Jaekyung Lee; Hyunwoo Kim; Hyungkyoo Kim. Commercial Vacancy Prediction Using LSTM Neural Networks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5400 .

AMA Style

Jaekyung Lee, Hyunwoo Kim, Hyungkyoo Kim. Commercial Vacancy Prediction Using LSTM Neural Networks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaekyung Lee; Hyunwoo Kim; Hyungkyoo Kim. 2021. "Commercial Vacancy Prediction Using LSTM Neural Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5400.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Sustainability
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This study develops multiple evaluation indexes in the context of sustainable urban regeneration through introducing smart technologies/infrastructures and assesses 63 local urban regeneration strategic plans by using the content analysis method. A total of 107 indexes are developed based on the four aspects (economy, society and culture, environment, and livability) of sustainability. From our findings, the average plan quality score of 54 local governments’ plans is 17.5 out of 50, with the metropolitan governments’ plans averaging 16.8, which indicates that the plans currently sampled do not sufficiently reflect the basic concepts of sustainable and smart urban regeneration. The contents of most of the plans generally focus on specific sectors, such as society, culture, and housing, whereas smart technology-related information and policies are relatively deficient. Among the five plan components (factual bases, goals/objectives, policies/strategies, implementation, coordination) reviewed, the implementation component receives the highest score, while indicators related to action strategies are mentioned least often. In particular, the results reveal that indexes relating to the energy and transportation sectors are not frequently mentioned; as such, each municipality is recommended to work to increase awareness of smart technologies and policies. For urban regeneration projects to be sustainable, multi-faceted policies must be implemented by various stakeholders with a long-term perspective. The results of this study can be used as a base for local planners and decision-makers when adopting and supplementing existing regeneration plans, and can contribute to promoting more sustainable urban regeneration through actively adopting various smart technologies initiatives.

ACS Style

Hyun Kim; Dakota Aaron McCarty; Jaekyung Lee. Enhancing Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Smart Technologies: An Assessment of Local Urban Regeneration Strategic Plans in Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6868 .

AMA Style

Hyun Kim, Dakota Aaron McCarty, Jaekyung Lee. Enhancing Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Smart Technologies: An Assessment of Local Urban Regeneration Strategic Plans in Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyun Kim; Dakota Aaron McCarty; Jaekyung Lee. 2020. "Enhancing Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Smart Technologies: An Assessment of Local Urban Regeneration Strategic Plans in Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6868.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2019 in Sustainability
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Vacant and/or abandoned properties exist in every city regardless of whether they are growing or shrinking, and the properties are not always a bad thing, and all underutilized land does not have to be developed. Some types of vacant land are unused but can be productive. Some may have natural resource value for inhabitants and provide green space such as parks space or green infrastructure. Once a city has too much vacant land, it may reflect a long cycle of depopulation and economic downturn. So, a lot of vacant lots is of concern in shrinking cities to change them into a valued commodity. In contrast, insufficient vacant land might hinder future growth and development. Since the vacant land can be a potential opportunity or threat to spur economic development, it is critical to understand vacancy pattern and its drivers and create appropriate policies for each city. By doing so, it would be possible to find the most effective land supply usage for cities having different characteristics and patterns of vacancy. Therefore, this study compares the pattern primary factors of vacancy of a growing city, Fort Worth and shrinking city, Chicago and evaluate whether each city has established planning policies for reducing negative effects and increasing efficient usages. The findings show that transportation and physical factors are strong determinants of the vacancy in a shrinking city, while socioeconomic conditions tend to influence more powerful on increasing vacant properties in a growing city. Furthermore, the outcomes of plan evaluation indicate that the vacancy pattern and its primary factors are grasped and handled firmly in Fort Worth.

ACS Style

Jaekyung Lee; Yunmi Park; Hyun Woo Kim. Evaluation of Local Comprehensive Plans to Vacancy Issue in a Growing and Shrinking City. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4966 .

AMA Style

Jaekyung Lee, Yunmi Park, Hyun Woo Kim. Evaluation of Local Comprehensive Plans to Vacancy Issue in a Growing and Shrinking City. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaekyung Lee; Yunmi Park; Hyun Woo Kim. 2019. "Evaluation of Local Comprehensive Plans to Vacancy Issue in a Growing and Shrinking City." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4966.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2019 in Land Use Policy
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Neighborhood decline is a critical issue in shrinking cities. Components of sustainable urbanism such as mixed land uses have risen as possible urban planning-based approaches to help mitigate urban and neighborhood decline. This research identifies examines if mixed land uses can help mitigate urban decline by using the tax delinquent status of single family houses as a proxy for decline in Dayton, Ohio, USA. Logistic regression models are utilized to estimate the probability of tax delinquency. The results suggest that the proximity to mixed land uses is associated with increasing or decreasing the probability of tax delinquent for single family lots. The number of commercial and industrial lots in a neighborhood also has effects on the probability of a lot becoming tax delinquent, but the specific types of commercial and industrial lots dictate the direction of effects. The existence of commercial apartment lots, retail lots, and industrial food and drink plant lots were shown to help decrease the probability of tax delinquent lots. Also, decreasing the amount of property tax applied to parcels can help to limit distress in neighborhoods. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to stymie the amount of residential abandonment in depopulating and declining cities.

ACS Style

Donghwan Gu; Galen Newman; Jun-Hyun Kim; Yunmi Park; Jaekyung Lee. Neighborhood decline and mixed land uses: Mitigating housing abandonment in shrinking cities. Land Use Policy 2019, 83, 505 -511.

AMA Style

Donghwan Gu, Galen Newman, Jun-Hyun Kim, Yunmi Park, Jaekyung Lee. Neighborhood decline and mixed land uses: Mitigating housing abandonment in shrinking cities. Land Use Policy. 2019; 83 ():505-511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donghwan Gu; Galen Newman; Jun-Hyun Kim; Yunmi Park; Jaekyung Lee. 2019. "Neighborhood decline and mixed land uses: Mitigating housing abandonment in shrinking cities." Land Use Policy 83, no. : 505-511.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2018 in Sustainability
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Every city seeks opportunities to spur economic developments and, depending on its type, vacant land can be seen as a potential threat or an opportunity to achieve these developments. Although vacant land exists in all cities, the causes and effects of changes in vacant land can differ. Growing cities may have more vacant land than shrinking cities because of large scale annexation. Meanwhile, depopulation and economic downturn may increase the total amount of vacant and abandoned properties. Despite various causes of increase and decrease of vacant land, the ability to predict future vacancy patterns—where future vacant parcels may occur—could be a critical test to set up appropriate development strategies and land use policies, especially in shrinking cities, to manage urban decline and regeneration efforts more wisely. This study compares current and future vacancy patterns of a growing city (Fort Worth, TX, USA) and a shrinking city (Chicago, IL, USA), by employing the Land Transformation Model (LTM) to predict for future vacant lands. This research predicts and produces possible vacancy pattern scenarios by 2020 and deciphers the ranking of determinants of vacant land in each city type. The outcomes of this study indicate that the LTM can be useful for simulating vacancy patterns and the causes of vacancy vary in both growing and shrinking cities. Socio-economic factors such as unemployment rate and household income are powerful determinants of vacancy in a growing city, while physical and transportation-related conditions such as proximity to highways, vehicle accessibility, or building conditions show a stronger influence on increasing vacant land in a shrinking city.

ACS Style

Jaekyung Lee; Galen Newman; Yunmi Park. A Comparison of Vacancy Dynamics between Growing and Shrinking Cities Using the Land Transformation Model. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1513 .

AMA Style

Jaekyung Lee, Galen Newman, Yunmi Park. A Comparison of Vacancy Dynamics between Growing and Shrinking Cities Using the Land Transformation Model. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1513.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaekyung Lee; Galen Newman; Yunmi Park. 2018. "A Comparison of Vacancy Dynamics between Growing and Shrinking Cities Using the Land Transformation Model." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1513.