The Rosaceae family, comprising over 3000 species, has been extensively investigated for its therapeutic potential, particularly in dermatological applications. Skin illnesses have become in recent years a serious burden worldwide, with more than 3 billion individuals of all ages affected by a skin condition. This review focuses on approximately 50 species from genera such as Rosa, Rubus, Prunus, Potentilla, and especially Eriobotrya japonica, which have shown promising biological effects due to their diverse bioactive compounds. This review provides a current perspective on the recent scientific literature that highlights the role of Rosaceae members in managing various skin disorders. Key dermatological conditions addressed include dermatitis, acne, skin aging, melanoma, and psoriasis. By summarizing both in vitro and in vivo findings, this review underscores the importance of Rosaceae species in the development of plant-based dermatological therapies and encourages further research into their mechanisms of action and clinical potential.

In recent years, aesthetic medicine has witnessed a paradigm shift from conventional volumizing fillers toward regenerative, biostimulatory approaches that promote long-term skin health and natural rejuvenation. This analysis compares the most commonly used injectable biostimulators—poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA)—focusing on their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and aesthetic indications. These agents stimulate neocollagenesis through controlled inflammatory responses, resulting in enhanced dermal structure and prolonged aesthetic outcomes. PLLA acts mainly via the TGF-β/SMAD pathway to promote type I collagen synthesis and fibroblast activation. PCL combines immediate volumization with long-lasting collagen stimulation and neovascularization, while CaHA induces fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The review underscores the growing preference for minimally invasive yet regenerative treatments, highlighting the importance of tailored therapeutic strategies to optimize clinical outcomes while ensuring patient safety.

Background and Objectives: Knee joint injuries incur substantial healthcare and socioeconomic burdens worldwide. The connection between various demographic and clinical factors and meniscal injury patterns in patients undergoing surgery for meniscal rupture remains underexplored, especially in Eastern European cohorts. This study aimed to determine the influence of age, sex, and history of previous meniscal rupture on the patterns and types of knee joint injuries in adults aged 35 years and older undergoing surgery. Materials and Methods: A single-site exploratory retrospective analysis was conducted on 420 Romanian patients. The age of 35 years was selected as a cut-off for recruiting patients, as it marks the typical age at which early degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system begin to emerge. Nonparametric/frequency analysis was applied to datasets stratified based on injury type—medial meniscal damage (MMD), lateral meniscal damage (LMD), and any patellar damage (APD). Logistic regression was used to determine influential predictors, including age, sex, and history of meniscal rupture. Results: Surgery was performed at a significantly younger age in patients with previous meniscus rupture (p < 0.001), but at a significantly older age in patients with co-occurring patellar lesions (p = 0.048). Men tended to be younger at the time of first surgery or any reoperations (p = 0.054) and displayed LMD significantly more often than MMD (p = 0.023). Significant differences existed in the distribution of different tear types in LMD (p < 0.001) and MMD (p < 0.001), with bucket handle tears and parrot beak tears being the most common. Male sex was associated with significantly higher odds of LMD (p = 0.046). Patients with previous meniscal rupture had a significantly and approximately threefold higher likelihood of presenting with MMD (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Age, sex, and history of meniscal rupture significantly influence the patterns and prevalence of knee injuries in adults aged 35 years and older. These findings reveal a dynamic interplay between demographic factors and knee joint pathologies, providing a foundation for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Future studies should expand to larger, diverse populations to refine these insights.

Chronic wounds represent a growing global healthcare burden driven by persistent inflammation, polymicrobial biofilm formation, impaired tissue regeneration, and increased antimicrobial resistance. This review examines the mechanistic interplay between chronic wound pathophysiology, biofilm persistence, and antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-based therapeutics, with particular emphasis on translational barriers and advanced biomaterial-enabled delivery strategies. Current evidence demonstrates that AMPs exert multifactorial activities extending beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including membrane disruption, quorum-sensing inhibition, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) destabilization, immune modulation, angiogenic stimulation, and promotion of re-epithelialization. However, their clinical translation remains limited due to proteolytic degradation, poor stability, cytotoxicity, rapid clearance, and inadequate retention within the hostile chronic wound microenvironment. To address these limitations, emerging biomaterial platforms—including hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, nanoparticles, self-assembling peptide systems, and stimuli-responsive smart dressings—have been developed to improve AMP stability, controlled release, biofilm penetration, and regenerative efficacy. This review further highlights current preclinical and clinical challenges, including the lack of standardized polymicrobial biofilm models and translationally relevant wound systems, while discussing future perspectives such as artificial intelligence-assisted peptide design and precision wound therapeutics. We argue that peptide discovery is no longer the principal bottleneck: the rate-limiting steps are now peptide stabilization, biofilm-targeted delivery, and dosing, and no current platform yet couples validated eradication of mature polymicrobial biofilms with validated tissue regeneration in a clinically representative model. Collectively, AMP-enabled smart biomaterials may support the transition from passive wound management toward responsive, biofilm-targeted regenerative therapy.

Melanoma continues to be one of the most challenging diseases in oncology, given its aggressiveness and increased resistance to existing therapies. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic strategies is of considerable interest, with medicinal plants representing a promising source of bioactive compounds. In the present study, the phytochemical profile and the in vitro biological activity of a lyophilized aqueous leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. cultivated in Romania were investigated. The extract was characterized by determining the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and polyphenolic composition using UHPLC-MS/MS. Its cytotoxic potential and cytocompatibility were evaluated at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL in two human melanoma cell lines (RPMI 7951 and A375) and in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Cell viability and morphological alterations were assessed in all three cell lines. Subsequently, the study focused on assessing the effects of the extract on melanoma cells by evaluating lysosome integrity and the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The impact on mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as on mitochondrial and nuclear morphology, was also determined. Finally, the HET-CAM test was carried out to assess the extract’s preliminary irritant potential at 500 µg/mL. The results showed that the extract presented a high content of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity. The most abundant compounds in the extract were chlorogenic acid, rutin, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid/3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid/trans-p-coumaric acid. With regard to biological activity, the treatment induced low cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells including at 500 µg/mL. At the same time, it produced a dose-dependent reduction in the viability of melanoma cells, accompanied by impaired lysosomal integrity. It was observed that the extract increased ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, thereby inducing morphological changes at the mitochondrial and nuclear levels. However, across all performed assays, the most pronounced effects were observed starting at a concentration of 300 µg/mL. The HET-CAM assay classified the extract as non-irritant at 500 µg/mL. These findings suggest that Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract exerts antimelanoma effects associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction while maintaining a favorable preliminary safety profile.

Peri-implantitis, a biofilm-driven inflammatory disease that causes progressive loss of the bone supporting dental implants, is common and difficult to treat: mechanical debridement cannot fully decontaminate the implant surface, and antibiotic adjuncts act non-selectively while promoting resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising preventive strategy. As cationic, membrane-disrupting molecules they kill a broad spectrum of organisms with a low propensity to select for resistance, and as host-defense peptides they additionally modulate inflammation and promote epithelial and connective-tissue repair. This review examines AMP-functionalized titanium as a prospective strategy against peri-implantitis through a dermatological lens, drawing on the established roles of the cathelicidin LL-37 and the β-defensins in cutaneous and oral wound healing. We argue that the peri-implant transmucosal interface behaves as a healing epithelial barrier, so that a single class of host-defense peptides can address two goals usually pursued separately—suppressing the peri-implant biofilm and reinforcing the soft-tissue seal. Because peri-implant disease initiates at the transmucosal region, we give particular attention to the abutment or transmucosal collar as the primary sealing target, and we consider how the concept extends to zirconia and hybrid components. The evidence assembled here, however, is predominantly preclinical, derived from in vitro and animal studies, and does not yet demonstrate clinical prevention of peri-implantitis in patients. After surveying peri-implant epidemiology, microbiology, AMP biology, surface-engineering strategies, and the in vivo evidence, we appraise the translational barriers—stability, cytotoxicity, cost, regulation, and the absence of human trials—that remain. We conclude that biologically intelligent, multifunctional peptide coatings represent a rational direction for next-generation implant surfaces.