Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and increasingly are recognized as a continuum of interconnected conditions rather than isolated entities. Methods: A structured narrative literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for publications from 2015 to 2025 using combinations of different keywords: “cardiovascular disease spectrum”, “multi-omics”, “precision cardiology”, “machine learning”, and “artificial intelligence in cardiology”. Results: Evidence was synthesized across seven major clusters of cardiovascular conditions, and across these domains, common biological pathways were mapped onto heterogeneous clinical phenotypes, and we summarize how multi-omics integration, AI-enabled imaging and digital tools contribute to improved risk prediction and more informed clinical decision-making within this spectrum. Conclusions: Interpreting cardiovascular conditions as components of a shared disease spectrum clarifies cross-disease interactions and supports a shift from organ- and syndrome-based classifications toward mechanism- and data-driven precision cardiology. The convergence of multi-omics, and AI offers substantial opportunities for earlier detection, individualized prevention, and tailored therapy, but requires careful attention to data quality, equity, interpretability, and practical implementation in routine care.

The Rosaceae family, comprising over 3000 species, has been extensively investigated for its therapeutic potential, particularly in dermatological applications. Skin illnesses have become in recent years a serious burden worldwide, with more than 3 billion individuals of all ages affected by a skin condition. This review focuses on approximately 50 species from genera such as Rosa, Rubus, Prunus, Potentilla, and especially Eriobotrya japonica, which have shown promising biological effects due to their diverse bioactive compounds. This review provides a current perspective on the recent scientific literature that highlights the role of Rosaceae members in managing various skin disorders. Key dermatological conditions addressed include dermatitis, acne, skin aging, melanoma, and psoriasis. By summarizing both in vitro and in vivo findings, this review underscores the importance of Rosaceae species in the development of plant-based dermatological therapies and encourages further research into their mechanisms of action and clinical potential.

Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) is a Lamiaceae species widely used in traditional and contemporary herbal practice, yet its reported bioactivities are strongly preparation-dependent, reflecting variability between polyphenol-rich extracts and volatile essential-oil fractions. This integrative review links phytochemistry with recent preclinical findings and available clinical evidence. Across model systems, lemon balm most consistently shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signatures, with additional domain-specific signals reported in neurobehavioral, cardiometabolic, gastrointestinal, and dermatological models; however, comparability is limited by heterogeneous plant parts, extraction procedures, and chemical standardization. Preclinical findings were organized by biological domain, whereas clinically, the most consistent signals are observed for symptom-oriented endpoints, particularly anxiety/stress and sleep-related outcomes reported in controlled trials, including aromatherapy studies, while evidence for other indications remains mixed or insufficiently confirmed. Overall, the evidence supports continued development of chemically characterized, standardized preparations and mechanism-informed trials with harmonized outcomes and robust safety reporting to improve translational interpretability.

Background and Objectives: Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) contains phenolic constituents with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities; however, evidence regarding aqueous leaf extracts in lung adenocarcinoma models and reconstructed human airway tissues remains limited. The novelty of the present study lies in the integrated evaluation of the same aqueous extract through phytochemical and antioxidant characterization, a three-dimensional reconstructed tracheobronchial tissue model, and complementary short- and long-term biological endpoints in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay, total phenolic content (TPC) using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and the targeted phenolic profile using UHPLC–MS/MS. EpiAirway^TM tissues were exposed to 1000 µg/mL extract for 24 h, and tissue metabolic viability was assessed using the MTT assay. A549 cells were treated with 20–1000 µg/mL extract for 24 h and evaluated using complementary metabolic, lysosomal, mitochondrial, morphological, membrane-integrity, and clonogenic endpoints. Results: The extract exhibited concentration-dependent DPPH radical-scavenging activity, with an estimated IC₅₀ of 1.37 mg/mL (95% CI: 1.00–1.88 mg/mL), and a TPC of 10.84 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g dry extract. The most abundant targeted analytes were the unresolved 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid/3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid group (2.09 ± 0.60 µg/mL) and the p-coumaric acid/trans-p-coumaric acid group (1.31 ± 0.04 µg/mL). EpiAirway^TM tissue viability was 85.87% following exposure to 1000 µg/mL. In A549 cells, metabolic viability decreased to approximately 59% and 53% at 500 and 1000 µg/mL, respectively, whereas neutral red uptake declined to approximately 50% at 1000 µg/mL. Treatment was also associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, concentration-dependent cellular and nuclear alterations, apoptotic-like and necrotic staining patterns, and a reduction in clonogenic capacity to approximately 21% at 1000 µg/mL. Conclusions: The aqueous M. officinalis leaf extract exhibited measurable antioxidant activity, did not cause a marked acute reduction in EpiAirway^TM tissue metabolic viability under the single exposure condition tested, and produced concentration-dependent cytotoxic and sustained antiproliferative effects in A549 cells. These exploratory findings do not establish comprehensive respiratory safety, a specific cell-death mechanism, or tumor selectivity. Nevertheless, the integrated experimental approach supports further investigation using standardized multiple extract batches, matched malignant and non-malignant lung epithelial models, and quantitative molecular endpoints.