Background: Mental health problems that can appear in women during pregnancy include fear, anxiety, feelings of vulnerability, stress, and depression. Mindfulness (MF) is a specific meditation technique that can help during treatment for prenatal mood disorders, emotional distress, and psychological strains. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a specific meditation approach in women during pregnancy on these mental health problems. Methods: This systematic review analysed data from PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. The search equation used was “mindfulness [title] AND pregnancy [title] AND (trial OR clinical trial OR RCT OR quasi-experimental OR experimental OR randomised clinical trial OR randomised controlled trial OR quasi-experimental study)”. This analyses experimental studies published in the last 10 years that include interventions based on MF, applying cognitive behavioural therapies to reduce stress, depression, and anxiety and in which the participants completed a questionnaire related to these variables. Standardised means effect size meta-analysis was performed with RevMan Web. Results: All the included studies (n = 13) reported that the intervention led to a decrease in negative symptoms related to prenatal pressure, apprehension, and melancholy. The duration of the MF programmes was 6 to 8 weeks. The meta-analysis showed that MF during pregnancy is an effective approach, with a standardised mean difference of −0.73 for anxiety, −0.67 for depression, and −0.74 for stress. Conclusions: Mindfulness programmes during pregnancy are a useful and effective means of reducing maternal stress, anxiety, and depression. Including MF programmes during pregnancy should be considered depending on resources availability. In person vs. online effectiveness should be investigated.

Background/Objectives: To examine the association between body composition and glucose tolerance in young adults with normal weight, overweight, or obesity. Methods: This observational case–control study included 154 healthy individuals aged 18–25 years. Participants were categorized into three BMI-based groups and underwent anthropometric and body composition assessments using bioelectrical impedance. Glucose tolerance was evaluated via oral glucose tolerance testing, with capillary blood samples collected at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post load. Results: Compared to the normal-weight group, overweight and obese individuals exhibited significantly higher body weight, BMI, visceral and total fat percentages, and reduced muscle mass. Obese participants also showed a significantly greater glucose area under the curve (AUC) and higher fasting and post-load glucose levels. Visceral fat was positively correlated with metabolic impairment. These results indicate a progressive decline in glucose tolerance associated with increasing adiposity and reduced lean mass. Conclusions: Young adults with elevated BMI already demonstrate marked alterations in body composition and impaired glucose tolerance, even in the absence of overt metabolic disease. These findings underscore the importance of the early identification of at-risk individuals using simple, non-invasive tools. Preventive strategies promoting healthy body composition in early adulthood may reduce the future risk of diabetes and its associated complications.

Diabetes mellitus constitutes a significant global public health problem. It is a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which is a consequence of inadequate insulin secretion, deficient insulin action, or a combination of both factors. A crucial component in the effective management of this pathology is therapeutic adherence, as it helps prevent complications, improve patient quality of life, reduce associated mortality, and decrease the need for hospitalization. In this context, it is crucial to implement a comprehensive care model that offers continuous support and a multidisciplinary approach. Primary care should be central, coordinating the entire care process. Understanding the clinical and social characteristics of people with diabetes is key to guiding more effective interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, degree of metabolic control, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus enrolled in primary care programs in Ceuta. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study conducted during the second half of 2024. The study population included individuals enrolled in the primary care diabetes program in Ceuta. We analyzed sociodemographic variables with a self-administered questionnaire, the level of therapeutic adherence using the MMAS-8 scale, and glycemic control through glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values. Results: The sample consisted of 370 individuals, with 50.3% being men. The average age was 62.82 years (SD = 13.46). A significant portion of participants, 61.07%, had no formal education or had only received primary education. Additionally, 84.9% of the participants had at least one other associated chronic pathology. Regarding adherence, 36.8% of the patients showed a high level, and for all patients, the mean HbA1c value was 7.5% (SD = 1.55). Furthermore, our analysis revealed statistically significant associations between cultural background and both therapeutic adherence (weak positive correlation: r = 0.213, p ≤ 0.001; multivariate significance: sig: <0.001; Exp(B) = 2.448) and glycemic control (multivariate significance: sig: <0.001; Exp(B) = 2.686). Conclusions: We observed high treatment adherence in the study population, with HbA1c values within the limits recommended by the World Health Organization for older adults. Furthermore, a relationship between cultural background and both treatment adherence and glycemic control was identified. This suggests a need for further research into these and other social determinants, like study level or monthly income, in future studies.