Primary colorectal cancer (CRC) often leads to liver metastasis, possibly due to the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN) in liver. Thus, unravelling the key modulator in metastasis is important for the development of clinical therapies. Gut microbiota dysregulation is a key event during CRC progression and metastasis. Numerous studies have elucidated the correlation between specific gut bacteria strains (e.g., pks⁺E. coli and Bacteroides fragilis) and CRC initiation, and gut bacteria translocation is commonly witnessed during CRC progression. Gut microbiota shapes tumor microenvironment (TME) through direct contact with immune cells or through its functional metabolites. However, how gut microbiota facilitates CRC metastasis remains controversial. Meanwhile, recent studies identify the dissemination of bacteria from gut lumen to liver, suggesting the role of gut microbiota in shaping tumor PMN. A pro-tumoral PMN is characterized by the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and increased pro-inflammatory immune responses. Notably, neutrophils form web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) both in primary TME and metastatic sites, NETs are involved in cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the role of gut microbiota in CRC progression and metastasis, highlight the multiple functions of different immune cell types in TME, especially neutrophils and NETs, discuss the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota in shaping PMN formation, and provide therapeutical indications in clinic.

Autologous fat grafting has been widely used in plastic surgery in recent years, but the unstable retention of fat graft has always been a key clinical problem. Adipose tissue has poor tolerant to ischemia, so the transplanted adipose tissue needs to rebuild blood supply at an early stage in order to survive stably. Our previous study has found that comparing to human foreskin fibroblast exosome (HFF-Exo), human adipose-derived stem cells exosome (hADSC-Exo) can significantly improve the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the angiogenic effect of artificial dermal preconstructed flaps. Therefore, the ability of hADSC-Exo to improve the retention of adipose grafts and its potential regenerative mechanism aroused our strong interest. In this study, we applied hADSC-Exo and HFF-Exo to adipose grafts and explored the potential regeneration mechanism through various means such as bioinformatics, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and adipogenic differentiation. The results showed that hADSC-Exo can significantly promote grafts angiogenesis and adipogenic differentiation of ADSC to improve the retention of fat grafts and may downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote the adipogenic differentiation. In summary, our results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical translation of hADSC-Exo in fat grafting.

This study aims to explore the most influential countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and trends in the study of the mechanism and treatments of radiation dermatitis (RD) from 2003 to 2023 using bibliometric analysis. The literature associated with RD was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, only articles and reviews in English were included. Individual articles were reviewed to identify the authorship, published journal, journal impact factor, institution and country of origin, and year of publication. A total of 6,453 authors from 1,605 institutions in 64 countries/regions published 1,062 RD-related literature. The United States was the most productive country. The Unicancer in France was the institution that published the majority of articles on RD. Edward Chow was the most productive author and Supportive Care in Cancer contributed the most articles. Advanced head and neck cancer is the most common cause of RD. The mechanism research mainly focused on nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in recent years, and Mepitel film, Mepilex Lite, and PBMT were the main preventive and therapeutic measures for RD. Our bibliometric studies provide a thorough overview of RD and valuable insights and ideas for scholars in this discipline.

Background: In recent years, tumor vaccines have demonstrated unexpected success in cancer treatment. However, it still faces several challenges, including insufficient antigen and adjuvant delivery, unsuitable antigen delivery system, and inadequate antigen-presenting cell (APC) maturation. Antigenic adjuvant co-delivery tactics could be one way to enhance APC maturation. Methods: Membrane-fused nanovesicles were synthesized by separating melanoma cell membranes from BCG cytoplasmic membranes. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used for measuring the vesicles’ size and shape. The uptake of vesicles by mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and the activation of DC cells by vesicles were verified in vitro. In order to further confirm the material’s capacity to activate the immune system and its ability to inhibit tumor growth, the activation of DC and T cells in mouse draining lymph nodes and the concentration of anti-tumor cytokines were measured. Results: The hybrid vesicles were homogeneous in size and could facilitate phagocytosis by dendritic cells (DCs). They could also effectively activate DCs and T cells in vitro and in vivo, eliciting anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, the vesicles demonstrated satisfying biosafety with no major side effects. Conclusions: Motivated by the myth of the Trojan Horse, we created an antigen-adjuvant-integrated nanovesicle that merges the BCG cytomembrane with the tumor cell membrane, which can achieve immune cell stimulation and tumor antigen delivery simultaneously. In conclusion, these findings support the potential application of dual-membrane fusion nanovesicles as tumor vaccines.