Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (non-ccRCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease group, accounting for approximately 25% of all RCC cases. Due to its rarity and especially heterogeneity, phase III trial data is limited and treatment options generally follow those of clear cell RCC. In the literature, there exists a number of studies with sunitinib, cabozantinib, and everolimus, but data on the efficacy of pazopanib are limited. Our aim in this study was to compare the efficacy of pazopanib and sunitinib, in a multicenter retrospective cohort of non-ccRCC patients. Our study included patients diagnosed with non-ccRCC who received pazopanib or sunitinib treatment as first-line therapy from 22 tertiary hospitals. We compared the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and response rates of pazopanib and sunitinib treatments. Additionally, we investigated prognostic factors in non-ccRCC. PFS and response rates of sunitinib and pazopanib were found to be similar, while a numerical difference was observed in OS. Being 65 years and older, being in the intermediate or poor risk group according to the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium, having liver metastases, presence of a sarcomatoid component, and having de novo metastatic disease were found to be significantly associated with shorter PFS. Pazopanib treatment appears to have similar efficacy in the treatment of non-ccRCC compared to sunitinib. Though randomized controlled trials are lacking and will probably be never be available, we suggest that pazopanib could be a preferred agent like sunitinib and cabozantinib.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, is widely used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet immune thrombocytopenia remains a rare but potentially fatal complication. We report a case of a 55-year-old male with metastatic NSCLC who developed pembrolizumab-associated immune thrombocytopenia. The patient initially responded well to combination therapy with pembrolizumab, carboplatin, and pemetrexed, achieving a metabolic complete response. However, after several cycles, he experienced recurrent grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Immune thrombocytopenia was suspected and managed with corticosteroids, leading to platelet recovery. Upon pembrolizumab rechallenge, thrombocytopenia recurred, necessitating permanent discontinuation of pembrolizumab while continuing pemetrexed maintenance. This case underscores the need for early recognition and prompt management of ICI-induced thrombocytopenia to ensure patient safety while optimizing oncologic outcomes.

Introduction: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies, including gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The main determinants of prognosis in BTC are the stage of the disease and the eligibility for curative treatment. Additionally, liver functional capacity is also one of the factors influencing survival in biliary tract cancers. The age–bilirubin–INR–creatinine (ABIC) score has been previously shown to predict prognosis in hepatic diseases. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the relationship between the ABIC score and prognosis in BTC. Materials and Methods: In this study, a retrospective analysis was performed on 41 patients with non-metastatic BTC and 73 patients with metastatic BTC who were followed up in our clinic between 2003 and 2025. All patients were ≥18 years old at the time of diagnosis, and BTC was pathologically confirmed. The ABIC score was calculated separately for each group. A threshold value for the ABIC score was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, and based on this threshold, patients were divided into low and high ABIC score groups. Both the relationship between the ABIC score and prognosis and the other factors affecting prognosis were investigated. Results: In the non-metastatic BTC group, the cutoff value for the ABIC score was 6.89. The median survival time of patients with a high ABIC score was significantly shorter. In the metastatic BTC group, the cutoff value for the ABIC score was 7.41. Similarly, in this group, patients with a high ABIC score had a significantly shorter median survival time. Additionally, in the non-metastatic BTC group, tumor localization and stage were prognostic factors affecting survival, while in the metastatic BTC group, CEA and first-line chemotherapy were the prognostic factors influencing overall survival. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the ABIC score is a prognostic factor determining median survival in both non-metastatic and metastatic BTC patients.

Background: Large-cell carcinoma (LCC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) are kinds of rare lung tumors classified as distinct forms of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They both differ in cellular morphology, neuroendocrine marker expression, and clinical outcomes. Thus, LCC and LCNEC exhibit different clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. This study seeks to assess how clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features influence the need for adjuvant chemotherapy in individuals with early-stage, surgically resected LCC or LCNEC. Methods: This multicenter retrospective analysis included 79 patients who underwent surgical resection for large-cell carcinoma (LCC) or large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) between January 2008 and March 2025. We evaluated prognostic factors that influence survival in patients with LCC and LCNEC and assessed the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival outcomes. Results: This study included 79 patients—39 diagnosed with LCC and 40 diagnosed with LCNEC. All patients were in stages I–III and received curative surgery. The median age was 61 years for LCC patients and 58.5 years for LCNEC patients. The median overall survival (mOS) was 80.1 months for patients with LCC and 34.2 months for those with LCNEC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age (HR: 0.279), stage (HR: 0.198), and chromogranin A expression (HR: 0.088) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in LCC patients. In LCNEC patients, stage (HR: 0.20), synaptophysin expression (HR: 0.30), type of surgery (HR: 0.31), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR: 0.264) were identified as factors influencing overall survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival in LCNEC patients (67.0 vs. 17.8 months). Conclusions: Patients with LCNEC generally have poorer prognoses than those with LCC, exhibiting reduced overall survival periods. Disease stage is the most significant factor influencing overall survival for both groups. Notably, in LCNEC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy was found to independently improve survival outcomes regardless of stage.

Background: Reliable biomarkers to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains limited.ABO blood group antigens may influence tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs between 2019 and 2024. Patients were classified according to ABO blood group. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment response were evaluated. Results: Patients with blood group O demonstrated significantly longer OS (18.6 vs 11.0 months, p< 0.001) and PFS (9.4 vs 4.2 months, p=0.001). Conclusion: ABO blood group, particularly blood group O, may serve as a clinically relevant host-related prognostic biomarker in NSCLC immunotherapy.