Introduction and objective. The family is a reliable and permanent source of support for every human being. It is the key link in the welfare system. The aim of the study is to assess parents' attitudes towards the occurrence of a difficult situation resulting from a child's chronic illness. Material and methods. The study involved randomly selected parents of children with chronic diseases (N=107). The study was carried out at the Dental Clinic of the 'Little Prince' Children's Hospice in Lublin Results. The study revealed that for parents a difficult life situation is mainly associated with the disability of a family member or a friend, whereas the action approach is the most frequently chosen attitude towards a child's chronic disease. In the examined group of parents, a significant correlation was observed between the age of the parents and the choice of a specific parental attitude towards the child's chronic disease (in terms of intellectual approach). However, no significant correlations were found between the parents' place of residence and the choice of a specific parental attitude towards the chronic disease of a child. Conclusions. During the diagnosis of chronically ill children, parents should also be educated in this regard. Therapy and psychological help, as well as directing parents to relevant support groups, organizations or associations, will prove immensely valuable while coping with a difficult life situation.

The essence of the profile of nursing professional competences are basic behavioral characteristics, as well as mastering practical skills. The aim of this study was determination of the development of professional competences of perceiving a patient by first-, second-and third-year students of licentiate nursing study. The study was of a longitudinal character, and lasted for 3 years. The research instrument used was the Ascent to Competence Scale, and traditional assessment of students’ knowledge and skills. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the average grade in practical education from all three years, and competences in student–teacher relationship. Higher grades in theoretical education were accompanied by lower results obtained by students in the area of nursing competences. The respondents’ opinions concerning the development of knowledge and professional skills were relatively high among first-year students, which may be related with a sharp increase in nursing knowledge, whereas third-year students considered it important to perceive a considerable development of professional competences. The results of this study can help in the design of education programs meeting quality standards, and alignment with students and population health needs, which is adequate to the assumptions of the WHO Global Strategic Directions for Nursing and Midwifery 2021–2025.

Risky behaviors are influenced by a variety of internal and external factors, including self-esteem, which reflects an individual’s global evaluation of their worth. This study aimed to assess the relationship between self-esteem and risky behaviors among adults in Poland, examining how sociodemographic factors, including occupation and family background, contribute to these behaviors. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2023, involving 320 residents of Poland aged 16 to 68 years. Participants were selected through convenience sampling in public locations and surveyed using Rosenberg self-esteem scale and Zuckerman sensation seeking scale. Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression to explore the relationships between self-esteem, risky behaviors, and sociodemographic variables, including interaction effects. Most participants demonstrated average self-esteem (41.56%) and low levels of risky behavior (55.94%). A weak positive correlation was observed between age and self-esteem (R = 0.162, P = .004), while risky behavior showed a negative correlation with age (r = ‐0.279, P < .001). Participants in nonmedical professions exhibited significantly higher risky behavior scores compared to those in medical professions (P = .013). Family history of alcohol addiction was associated with lower self-esteem (P = .044). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher self-esteem significantly reduced the likelihood of risky behaviors (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, P = .012), while older age (OR = 0.92, P < .001) and working in a medical profession served as additional protective factors. In contrast, respondents in nonmedical professions showed a significantly higher tendency toward risk engagement (OR = 1.45, P = .009). A significant borderline interaction was observed between self-esteem and gender (P = .061). Higher self-esteem was associated with a reduced likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, with age, occupation, and family history also influencing outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of promoting self-esteem, particularly among younger adults and those in high-risk occupations, as part of public health strategies. Future research should include mental health variables and explore targeted interventions to address both psychological and occupational contributors to risky behaviors.

Introduction: Although allergic diseases have been known since antiquity, both their understanding and systematics came later. The World Allergy Organization (WAO) defines the phenomenon of atopy as a predisposition of a person or family to the uncontrolled synthesis and release of IgE...

Brodowicz-Król Magdalena, Zarzycka Danuta, Stadnicka Sabina, Bartoń Elżbieta. Holistyczne kompetencje zawodowe studentów pielęgniarskich studiów magisterskich = The holistic nursing professional competence of students graduate. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(8):113-127. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59880 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3736 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. Holistyczne kompetencje zawodowe studentów pielęgniarskich studiów magisterskich The holistic nursing professional competence of students graduate ¹ Magdalena Brodowicz-Król, ¹ Danuta Zarzycka, ¹ Sabina Stadnicka, ² Elżbieta Bartoń ¹ Katedra i Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ul. Prof. A. Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin ² Katedra i Klinika Neurochirurgii Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie Ul. Jaczewskiego 8 20-954 Lublin Autor do korespondencji: Magdalena Brodowicz-Król Katedra i Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ul. Prof. A. Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin e-mail: brmagdalena@gmail.com Tel. 662 980 412 Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: We współczesnym pielęgniarstwie umiejętność sprawowania profesjonalnej opieki nad pacjentem przez studentów szczególnie studiów magisterskich jest istotą procesu kształcenia. Natomiast postrzeganie pacjenta w systemie opieki w sposób holistyczny, a zatem jako indywidualnego podmiotu funkcjonującego co najmniej w wymiarze biologicznym, społecznym, psychicznym, duchowym i kulturowym, zgodnie z zasadami etyki jest jednym z wymiarów profesjonalizmu. W akademickim kształceniu pielęgniarek duże znaczenie przywiązuje się do kształtowania umiejętności pielęgniarskich tworzących możliwość holistycznego traktowania osoby pacjenta. Cel pracy: Określenie kompetencji zawodowych holistycznego postrzegania pacjenta przez studentów I roku studiów magisterskich kierunku pielęgniarstwo. Materiał i metoda: Badania przeprowadzono wśród studentów kierunku pielęgniarstwo Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Wiek ankietowanych mieścił się w przedziałach 21-22 (32,6%) i23-38 (67,4%) lat. Kobiety stanowiły większość badanych (97,1%) zdecydowanie mniejszą grupę stanowili mężczyźni (2,9%). Metodą badawczą, którą zastosowano w badaniu, był sondaż diagnostyczny. Wykorzystanym narzędziem badawczym była Skala Holistycznych Kompetencji Pielęgniarskich (The Holistic Nursing Competence Scale –HNCS). Skala ta ocenia kompetencje pielęgniarskie, składa się z dwóch podskal i zawiera łącznie 36 twierdzeń. Podskala HNCS A zawiera 7 pozycji, ocenia postępowanie pielęgniarskie w życiu codziennym oraz podskala HNCS B zawiera 29 pozycji, ocenia holistyczne kompetencje pielęgniarskie. Drugim narzędziem była Skala Rozwoju Kompetencji Pielęgniarskich (Ascent to Nursing Competence Scale- ACS). Skala jest zbudowana z pytań zamkniętych, uporządkowanych w trzech podskalach. Pierwsza podskala bada współpracę w relacji student - opiekun/nauczyciel (W1-W6) składa się z 6 pozycji, druga ocenia potrzebę przynależności studenta do grupy (B1-B17) składa się z 17 pozycji, trzecia, trzecia pozwala na ocenę wiedzy i umiejętności zawodowych studenta pielęgniarstwa (L1-L13) zawiera 13 pozycji [23]. Bazę danych utworzono i analizy statystyczne przeprowadzono w oparciu o oprogramowanie komputerowe Statistica 9.1. (StatSoft, Polska). Zgromadzone informacje analizowano w oparciu o następujące testy: U Manna-Whitneya (Z), został zastosowany by zbadać różnice pomiędzy dwiema grupami. Do sprawdzenia zależności pomiędzy zmiennymi wykorzystano korelację rang Spermana (R). W analizie przyjęto poziom istotności p<0,05 wskazujący na istnienie istotnych statystycznie różnic lub zależności. Wnioski: Wyniki badań pozwalają na sformułowanie wniosku, że studenci kierunku pielęgniarstwo, posiadają wyższy poziom...

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate parents’ knowledge and attitudes towards compulsory immunization of their children. Material and methods. The research was conducted with the survey questionnaire among 110 randomly chosen parents aged 18-40 whose infants were inpatients at the University Children’s Hospital in Lublin. Results. The study revealed that parents were poorly informed about the age of the first vaccination of their infant, compulsory and recommended vaccines, combined vaccines, contraindications for vaccination and adverse reactions following immunization. More than 50% of the parents had a rather positive attitude towards vaccination. However, one fifth admitted that they had seen campaigns which presented immunization of children as harmful. The most popular opinion among the respondents was that compulsory and recommended vaccinations for children should be given only against the most dangerous diseases. The majority of parents considered vaccinations to be safe and only a small percentage of parents were against immunizing their children due to possible health complications. Most of the parents were willing to immunize their children with all the compulsory vaccines and only several recommended ones (as they are not free of charge). Many of them declared they would choose combined vaccines. Conclusions. Attitudes of parents towards immunization of children varied in the studied group. We concluded that parents were generally poorly informed about immunization of infants. The fact that knowledge about vaccinations may influence parents’ future decisions to protect their children against numerous infectious diseases calls for intensified education on the subject.