Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of topical 5% hesperidin application on healing. Materials and Methods: After 48 rats were randomized and divided into 7 groups, on the first day, an epithelial defect was created in the center of the cornea with the help of microkeratome under intraperitoneal ketamine+xylazine and topical 5% proparacaine anesthesia for the groups to be infected with keratitis according to the groups mentioned below. An amount of 0.05 mL of the solution containing 108 colony-forming units/ mL Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-ATC27853) will be taken and inoculated per rat. At the end of the 3 days incubation period, rats with keratitis will be added to the groups, and active substances and antibiotics will be given topically together with other groups for 10 days. At the end of the study, the ocular tissues of the rats will be removed and examined histopathologically. Results: A clinically significant reduction in inflammation was detected in the groups using hesperidin. No transforming growth factor-β1 staining was detected in the group in which keratitis+hesperidin was treated topically. In the group in which hesperidin toxicity was examined, mild inflammation and thickening of the corneal stroma layer were observed, and it was evaluated as a negative transforming growth factor-β1 expression in the lacrimal gland tissue. Corneal epithelial damage was minimal in the keratitis group, and the toxicity group was treated with only hesperidin when compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Topical hesperidin drops may be an important therapeutic factor in tissue healing and in the fight against inflammation in the treatment of keratitis. Cite this article as: Utlu B, Öndaş O, Yıldırım M, Bayrakçeken K, Yıldırım S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in rats: Study of the effect of topical 5% hesperidin practice on healing. Eurasian J Med 2023;55(1):64-68.

Objective: Based on several studies, atrial remodeling results in an increase in left atrial (LA) stiffness, which is indicative of a worsened reservoir function. A typical microvascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the factors that might be related to LA stiffness in DM patients. Materials and Methods: There were 200 DM patients in the study population. The LA stiffness value of 0.33 led to the division of the patients into 2 groups. According to these groups, the parameters to predict the development of the LA stiffness were investigated. Results: The patient population’s median age was 54.7 ± 9.4 years, and of them, 105 (52.5% of the population) were men. Retinopathy was substantially linked with LA stiffness. Interventricular septum thickness (B coefficient: 0.261, 95% CI 0.128; 0.394; P < .001), mitral annular plane systolic excursion (B coefficient: −0.350, 95% CI −0.489; −0.2212; P < 0.001), and retinopathy (B coefficient: 0.644, 95% CI 0.307; 0.983; P < .001) were identified as independent predictors of the progression of LA stiffness by the linear regression model. Conclusion: The results of the current investigation demonstrated a correlation between higher LA stiffness values and the presence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients. Cite this article as: Birdal O, Saygı M, Doğan R, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and the development of left atrial stiffness in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eurasian J Med. 2023;55(3):249-253.

Diyabetik Retinopati (DR), diyabet hastalığının retina damarlarını etkileyen ciddi ve yaygın bir komplikasyondur. Hastalığın ilerlemesiyle retina dokusunda mikro anevrizmalar, kanamalar ve ödem gelişmekte; tedavi edilmediği takdirde ileri evrelerde görme kaybı ve körlüğe yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenle DR’nin erken evrede tespiti ve teşhisi klinik açıdan büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kaggle APTOS 2019 Körlük Tespiti yarışmasından elde edilen retina görüntüleri kullanılarak farklı Evrişimli Sinir Ağı (ESA) ve Transformer (Dönüşüm) tabanlı derin öğrenme mimarilerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Modellerin performansları, uygulanan gelişmiş ön işleme ve veri artırma stratejilerinin etkileri bağlamında detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Deneylerde ResNet18, EfficientNetB4, VGG16 ve DenseNet121 gibi ESA tabanlı mimariler ile Swin Transformer gibi Transformer tabanlı modeller kullanılmıştır. Tüm modeller, 5-katlı çapraz doğrulama yöntemi ile eğitilmiş ve performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, veri artırma tekniklerinin DR sınıflandırma başarısını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, Swin Transformer modeli %85.00 doğruluk ve %91.37 QWK (Quadratic Weighted Kappa) ile en yüksek performansı sergilemiş ve Transformer tabanlı modellerin geleneksel ESA tabanlı modellere kıyasla DR sınıflandırmasında daha iyi performans sergilediğini göstermiştir.