This study aims to investigate possible preventive effect of ATP on optic nerve damage caused by amiodarone in rats. Thirty albino male Wistar rats weighing between 265 and 278 grams were used in the study. Before the experiment, the rats were housed at 22 °C in a 12-hour light/dark cycle under appropriate condition. The rats were equally divided into five groups of six animals each: healthy group, 50 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-50), 100 mg/kg amiodarone (AMD-100), 25 mg/kg ATP + 50 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-50), and 25 mg/kg ATP + 100 mg/kg amiodarone (ATAD-100). At the end of 14^th day, the animals were sacrificed using cardiac puncture under deep thiopental anesthesia, and optic nerve tissues were harvested to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) levels. The MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (p˂0.001). There was also a significant difference between the AMD-50 and ATAD-50 groups, and between the AMD-100 and ATAD-100 groups regarding MDA levels (p˂0.001). tGSH, SOD, and CAT levels were significantly lower in the AMD-50 and AMD-100 groups compared to the healthy group (p˂0.001). ATP was found to partially inhibit amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy. The biochemical and histopathological results of this study demonstrated that amiodarone at high doses caused more severe optic neuropathy inducing oxidative damage, but ATP could relatively antagonize these negative effects on the optic nerve. Therefore, we believe that ATP may be beneficial in preventing amiodarone-induced optic neuropathy.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of topical 5% hesperidin application on healing. Materials and Methods: After 48 rats were randomized and divided into 7 groups, on the first day, an epithelial defect was created in the center of the cornea with the help of microkeratome under intraperitoneal ketamine+xylazine and topical 5% proparacaine anesthesia for the groups to be infected with keratitis according to the groups mentioned below. An amount of 0.05 mL of the solution containing 108 colony-forming units/ mL Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-ATC27853) will be taken and inoculated per rat. At the end of the 3 days incubation period, rats with keratitis will be added to the groups, and active substances and antibiotics will be given topically together with other groups for 10 days. At the end of the study, the ocular tissues of the rats will be removed and examined histopathologically. Results: A clinically significant reduction in inflammation was detected in the groups using hesperidin. No transforming growth factor-β1 staining was detected in the group in which keratitis+hesperidin was treated topically. In the group in which hesperidin toxicity was examined, mild inflammation and thickening of the corneal stroma layer were observed, and it was evaluated as a negative transforming growth factor-β1 expression in the lacrimal gland tissue. Corneal epithelial damage was minimal in the keratitis group, and the toxicity group was treated with only hesperidin when compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Topical hesperidin drops may be an important therapeutic factor in tissue healing and in the fight against inflammation in the treatment of keratitis. Cite this article as: Utlu B, Öndaş O, Yıldırım M, Bayrakçeken K, Yıldırım S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in rats: Study of the effect of topical 5% hesperidin practice on healing. Eurasian J Med 2023;55(1):64-68.

To compare the clinical use, image quality and viewing angle of a commonly used contact wide angle viewing (WAV) system (Advanced Visual Instruments Panoramic Imaging Systems, NY, USA) with a commonly used non-contact WAV system (Leica RUV800, Leica Microsystems, Switzerland). Images of 42 consecutively operated eyes were obtained with both systems at the same surgical stages, and were compared for image quality using the Imatest Master 4.5.13 (Imatest LLC, Boulder, USA) software. The viewing angles of the images were calculated using the optic disc sizes measured from the OCT and infrared fundus images. The 68 degree AVI lens was compared with the 90-diopter (D) Leica RUV800 lens, while the 130 degree AVI lens was compared with the 132-D Leica RUV800 lens. The surgical assistants were asked to grade the difficulty of holding the lens in place from 1 to 10, 1 being easiest and 10 being the most difficult. The contact system provided wider viewing angles with higher quality compared to the non-contact system both under fluid and air media. The difference was clinically significant in eyes with impaired corneal clarity, very high myopia, or small pupil. The difficulty of holding the lens in place ranged from 4 to 7, and decreased gradually with practice. Both WAV systems provided high image quality and adequate viewing angles in most cases. However, the contact system appeared to be provide a superior image quality and/or a wider viewing angle in more challenging situations. The difficulty of holding the contact lens in place was found to be moderate.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in retinal microvascularization between adolescents with and without simple myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients aged 12-18 years diagnosed with school-age simple myopia (0-6 diopters), and 34 eyes of 34 healthy controls of similar ages were included in this retrospective study. The ocular, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography findings of the participants were recorded. Results: The simple myopia group had statistically thicker inferior ganglion cell complex thicknesses compared to the controls (P =.038). The macular map values did not statistically significantly differ between the 2 groups. The foveal avascular zone area (P =.038) and circularity index (P =.022) values were statistically lower in the simple myopia group compared to the control group. The superficial capillary plexus outer and inner ring vessel density (%) (superior and nasal) showed statistically significant differences (outer ring superior/ nasal P=.004/P = .037; inner ring superior/nasal P =.014/P= .046). Conclusion: Similar to high myopia, vascular density in the macula decreases as the axial length and spherical equivalent increase in simple myopia. Cite this article as: Bayrakçeken K. Comparison of retinal microvascular vascular density between adolescents with and without simple myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography. Eurasian J Med 2023;55(1):54-58.

Background: To assess macular layer thickness, macular vessel density, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in prediabetic patients compared with healthy normoglycemic controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Thirty prediabetic patients (group A; fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL, postprandial plasma glucose 140-199 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin 5.7%-6.4%) and 30 age-matched normoglycemic subjects (group B) were included. The OCTA imaging was used to evaluate superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel densities, as well as FAZ area and perimeter. Participants with poor image quality, high refractive error, glaucoma, prior intraocular surgery, chorioretinal atrophy, or other ocular/systemic comorbidities were excluded. Results: The SCP and DCP perfusion densities (PDs) were lower in the prediabetic group, with significant reductions in the inferior and temporal quadrants of the DCP and the temporal quadrant of the SCP (P < .05). The FAZ area and perimeter were larger in the prediabetic group but not statistically significant (P > .05). Macular thickness was greater in all quadrants in group A, with significant thickening in the nasal and inferior quadrants (P < .05). Conclusion: Prediabetic patients demonstrated early microvascular and structural changes, including reduced macular PD, increased macular thickness, and FAZ enlargement. These findings suggest subclinical retinal involvement in prediabetes, warranting larger longitudinal studies. Cite this article as: Utlu B, Utlu ES, Çinici E, Akgöz H, Bayrakçeken K, Kozan BD. Optical coherence tomography angiography–based evaluation of foveal avascular zone and macular vessel density in prediabetic patients. Eurasian J Med. 2026, 58 (1),1165, doi:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2026.251165.