Nutritional status is a series of related parameters collected using different available methods. In order to determine the nutritional status of elderly populations and ensure nutritional support based on an individual approach, the implementation of the increasingly used foodomics approach is available; this approach plays a key role in personalized diets and in the optimization of diets for a population group, such as an elderly population. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) method and the Nottingham Screening Tool (NST) form were used on 50 users in a home for the elderly in northwest Croatia. A loss of body mass (BM) was statistically significantly higher for those who had the following: decreased food intake in the last week and users who had complete and partial feeding autonomy. Additionally, the obtained data on drug intake, fluid, individual nutrients, and physical activity are based on an individual approach. The available documentation provides insight into nutritional values and food preparation in an attempt to satisfy a holistic approach in the evaluation of exposure while trying to achieve as many elements of foodomics as possible.

Background: Nutritional support through oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) is important for patients. It leads to improved nutritional intake and better clinical and economic outcomes. Objectives: The problem that often accompanies the use of ONSs is their consumption below the optimal prescribed doses. One of the reasons for this is patient education on the importance of ONS intake. This study investigated hospitalized patients and focused on the impact that educational sources have on ONS intake. It also investigated patient compliance with the intake of the prescribed dose, and the time of initiation and discontinuation of ONS consumption. Methods: A qualitative survey using an anonymous questionnaire was conducted on 120 hospital patients across three locations in the Republic of Croatia: Varaždin General Hospital, the Special Hospital for Chronic Diseases in Novi Marof, and the hospital for lung diseases and tuberculosis in Klenovnik. Data were collected by independent nurses and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, including Shapiro–Wilk, Levene, Mann–Whitney, and χ² tests. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between compliance with the intake at home and the source of information on how to consume ONSs (p = 0.003). There is also a statistically significant difference between compliance with intake at home and the initiation of ONS consumption (p = 0.000) with a key time of six months (half a year) when most of them give up. Conclusions: Only 47.95% complied with the recommended dose of ONS intake at home who received the information from a nurse, if we look at the information source. There is a clear need to change patient education by developing a standardized form and tools accessible to patients. After six months, most patients discontinue ONS consumption. Further research is necessary to determine whether a medical specialist is the reason for discontinuation, or whether discontinuation happened due to insufficient education on the importance of ONS intake.

Background/Objectives: Despite extensive evidence on the global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM), there is a lack of research on how sociodemographic and lifestyle factors collectively impact glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. This pilot study aimed to identify correlates of glycemic regulation, with a focus on physical activity (PA), education, and clinical variables, among adults with DM in Croatia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the national reference center for diabetes, including 95 adult patients with type 1 or type 2 DM. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and clinical records, covering sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity patterns, and laboratory indicators. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, correlation and regression analyses, and K-means clustering. Results: The mean HbA1c was 6.9% (SD = 1.3), with 33.7% of participants exceeding the 7.5% threshold. Higher education (β = −0.48, p = 0.013) and engagement in strength and balance training (β = −0.32, p = 0.041) were independently associated with lower HbA1c levels. Diabetes duration (β = 0.03, p = 0.004) and type 2 diabetes (β = 0.38, p = 0.030) were positive predictors of HbA1c. PA frequency and intensity were not significantly associated with glycemic control (p = 0.479). Cluster analysis identified three distinct profiles, with Cluster 2 (N = 10) exhibiting poor control (mean HbA1c = 9.8%) despite engaging in moderate activity. HbA1c > 7.5% was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.34–10.21) and retinopathy (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.14–6.98). Age was the only significant predictor of cardiovascular comorbidities (OR = 1.12, p = 0.019). Education level was a predictor of participation in strength and balance training (OR = 2.45, p = 0.025). Conclusions: Glycemic control in individuals with diabetes is influenced by a combination of behavioral, clinical, and educational factors. Strength and balance training, as well as higher education, were associated with lower HbA1c levels, while older age and type 2 diabetes were indicators of a greater risk. Tailored interventions promoting structured PA and targeting educational disparities may improve clinical outcomes in this population.

It has been observed that, despite progress in medicine and education, negative opinions towards people suffering from psychological disorders are still present both in the general population and among health workers. An opinion is an...

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health concern, yet limited research has examined how sociodemographic factors and physical activity (PA) influence glycaemic control within specific national contexts. This pilot study explored associations between sociodemographic and behavioral factors and glycaemic regulation among adults with DM in Croatia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a national reference center, including 95 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and PA were obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Descriptive statistics, Welch’s t-tests, χ² tests, correlations, and regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of HbA1c and diabetes-related complications. Glycaemic control was categorized as optimal (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%) or suboptimal (>7.5%) according to the pragmatic clinical threshold commonly used in DM management. Results: Mean HbA1c was 6.9% (SD = 1.3), with 33.7% of participants above 7.5%. Higher education (β = −0.48, p = 0.013) and participation in strength or balance exercises (β = −0.32, p = 0.041) were associated with lower HbA1c, whereas longer disease duration (β = 0.03, p = 0.004) and type 2 diabetes (β = 0.38, p = 0.030) predicted higher HbA1c. In logistic regression, age predicted cardiovascular comorbidities (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23, p = 0.019). The interaction between PA and place of residence (urban vs. rural) showed a non-significant trend (p = 0.061). Conclusions: Glycaemic control in Croatian adults with diabetes was associated with educational level and engagement in strength and balance exercises, while longer disease duration, older age, and type 2 diabetes were linked to poorer regulation and more complications. These findings underscore the importance of structured exercise and patient education in diabetes management, although larger, prospective studies with standardized PA-intensity measures are required to confirm and extend these results.