The aim of this study was to investigate and compare justice sensitivity between self-perceived beneficiaries, victims, and observers in a sample of 90 healthcare workers (nurses and physiotherapists) at the Varaždinske Toplice Special Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Croatia. For this purpose we used a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and the Croatian version of the justice sensitivity inventory developed by Schmitt. Regardless of its limitations, our study clearly shows that healthcare professionals at Varaždinske Toplice are most sensitive to injustice from the beneficiary’s perspective, that is, as persons who personally benefitted from injustice, although they may not have been instrumental to this effect. They are less sensitive to injustice perceived on the outside (observer’s perspective) or to injustice suffered by themselves (victim’s perspective). Another important finding is that participants of female gender, rural residence, and nurses (who are all women) are significantly more sensitive to injustice, whereas age and marital status do not seem to contribute to justice sensitivity. Future research should investigate the perception of injustice over a longer timeframe and involve all healthcare workers. It could also address different approaches to management, especially in terms of worker rewards and career advancement. Qualitative research among healthcare workers could provide a broader and clearer idea of social injustice at their workplace.

Opioid neurotoxicity is increasingly associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage; however, direct mechanistic comparisons among structurally diverse opioids remain scarce. We comparatively evaluated morphine, codeine, heroin, buprenorphine, and methadone in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using a multiparametric approach encompassing cytotoxicity; redox homeostasis; mitochondrial membrane potential; LDH release; caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation; PI3K/Akt signaling; DNA strand breaks; and in silico pharmacokinetic profiling. The opioids exhibited clearly divergent toxicity patterns. Buprenorphine showed the highest cytotoxicity, mitochondrial depolarization, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, consistent with mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling. Morphine also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and activated caspase-9, whereas heroin and codeine increased caspase-9 activity without significant mitochondrial depolarization. Methadone produced the most pronounced oxidative phenotype, with increased ROS, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial depolarization, and the only significant increase in LDH release but without significant caspase activation, indicating a distinct caspase-independent injury pattern. Akt activation increased significantly after buprenorphine and morphine exposure. Morphine and codeine induced greater DNA damage than methadone at equimolar exposure, demonstrating that oxidative burden did not parallel genotoxicity. Overall, these findings reveal compound-specific redox, mitochondrial, signaling, genotoxic, and cell-death responses and show that opioid toxicity cannot be adequately explained by oxidative stress alone.

Mood photography is one of the most common motifs in tourism promotion. It usually depicts a destination or landscape whose imagery encourages viewers to visit the promoted location. The most frequent motifs include sunsets, snowy landscapes, and landscapes in general. These photographs may have a documentary character, serve as image photographs with symbolic value, or sometimes advertise a product that is not explicitly emphasized. Mood photographs convey information and influence the viewer’s perception. In the transmission of digitally recorded visual information, they function as a medium in which consumers place their trust. Every digital reproduction consists of blue, green, and red channels of digital data. This research paper investigates the impact of changes to the blue, green, and red channels of digital data on the perception of mood photographs. It examines the influence on the photograph’s acceptability, the boundaries for maintaining a realistic appearance, and the interpretation of these boundaries. The research is conducted on two groups of respondents: expert participants and consumer participants, who assess acceptability based on visual evaluation. Alongside participant assessments, characteristic color tables are defined for specific types of promotional photographic images, and the CIE Lab* color values and total color differences (ΔE00) are determined. The study proves that by intervening in the blue, green, and red channels of the digital record—i.e., by altering them—we affect the perception of mood photography. The evaluation results of mood photograph digital files show different thresholds of acceptability. Changes to individual digital channels determine varying acceptability limits when assessing the degraded digital image data.

Background/Objectives: Despite extensive evidence on the global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM), there is a lack of research on how sociodemographic and lifestyle factors collectively impact glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. This pilot study aimed to identify correlates of glycemic regulation, with a focus on physical activity (PA), education, and clinical variables, among adults with DM in Croatia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the national reference center for diabetes, including 95 adult patients with type 1 or type 2 DM. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and clinical records, covering sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity patterns, and laboratory indicators. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, correlation and regression analyses, and K-means clustering. Results: The mean HbA1c was 6.9% (SD = 1.3), with 33.7% of participants exceeding the 7.5% threshold. Higher education (β = −0.48, p = 0.013) and engagement in strength and balance training (β = −0.32, p = 0.041) were independently associated with lower HbA1c levels. Diabetes duration (β = 0.03, p = 0.004) and type 2 diabetes (β = 0.38, p = 0.030) were positive predictors of HbA1c. PA frequency and intensity were not significantly associated with glycemic control (p = 0.479). Cluster analysis identified three distinct profiles, with Cluster 2 (N = 10) exhibiting poor control (mean HbA1c = 9.8%) despite engaging in moderate activity. HbA1c > 7.5% was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.34–10.21) and retinopathy (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.14–6.98). Age was the only significant predictor of cardiovascular comorbidities (OR = 1.12, p = 0.019). Education level was a predictor of participation in strength and balance training (OR = 2.45, p = 0.025). Conclusions: Glycemic control in individuals with diabetes is influenced by a combination of behavioral, clinical, and educational factors. Strength and balance training, as well as higher education, were associated with lower HbA1c levels, while older age and type 2 diabetes were indicators of a greater risk. Tailored interventions promoting structured PA and targeting educational disparities may improve clinical outcomes in this population.

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health concern, yet limited research has examined how sociodemographic factors and physical activity (PA) influence glycaemic control within specific national contexts. This pilot study explored associations between sociodemographic and behavioral factors and glycaemic regulation among adults with DM in Croatia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a national reference center, including 95 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and PA were obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Descriptive statistics, Welch’s t-tests, χ² tests, correlations, and regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of HbA1c and diabetes-related complications. Glycaemic control was categorized as optimal (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%) or suboptimal (>7.5%) according to the pragmatic clinical threshold commonly used in DM management. Results: Mean HbA1c was 6.9% (SD = 1.3), with 33.7% of participants above 7.5%. Higher education (β = −0.48, p = 0.013) and participation in strength or balance exercises (β = −0.32, p = 0.041) were associated with lower HbA1c, whereas longer disease duration (β = 0.03, p = 0.004) and type 2 diabetes (β = 0.38, p = 0.030) predicted higher HbA1c. In logistic regression, age predicted cardiovascular comorbidities (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23, p = 0.019). The interaction between PA and place of residence (urban vs. rural) showed a non-significant trend (p = 0.061). Conclusions: Glycaemic control in Croatian adults with diabetes was associated with educational level and engagement in strength and balance exercises, while longer disease duration, older age, and type 2 diabetes were linked to poorer regulation and more complications. These findings underscore the importance of structured exercise and patient education in diabetes management, although larger, prospective studies with standardized PA-intensity measures are required to confirm and extend these results.