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Prof. Muhammad Iqbal
National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad

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Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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The pandemic outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic disease (COVID-19) is spreading like a diffusion-reaction in the world and almost 208 countries and territories are being affected around the globe. It became a sever health and socio-economic problem, while the world has no vaccine to combat this virus. This research aims to analyze the connection between the fast spread of COVID-19 and regional climate parameters over a global scale. In this research, we collected the data of COVID-19 cases from the time of 1st reported case to the 5th June 2020 in different affected countries and regional climatic parameters data from January 2020 to 5th June 2020. It was found that most of the countries located in the relatively lower temperature region show a rapid increase in the COVID-19 cases than the countries locating in the warmer climatic regions despite their better socio-economic conditions. A correlation between metrological parameters and COVID-19 cases was observed. Average daylight hours are correlated to total the COVID-19 cases with a coefficient of determination of 0.42, while average high-temperature shows a correlation of 0.59 and 0.42 with total COVID-19 cases and death cases respectively. The finding of the study will help international health organizations and local administrations to combat and well manage the spread of COVID-19.

ACS Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Irfan Abid; Saddam Hussain; Naeem Shahzad; Muhammad Waqas. The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 739, 140101 -140101.

AMA Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Irfan Abid, Saddam Hussain, Naeem Shahzad, Muhammad Waqas. The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 739 ():140101-140101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Irfan Abid; Saddam Hussain; Naeem Shahzad; Muhammad Waqas. 2020. "The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale." Science of The Total Environment 739, no. : 140101-140101.

Review
Published: 06 May 2020 in Journal of Global Health
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ACS Style

Naeem Shahzad; Irfan Abid; Wajahat Javed Mirza; Muhammad Iqbal. Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan. Journal of Global Health 2020, 10, 010353 .

AMA Style

Naeem Shahzad, Irfan Abid, Wajahat Javed Mirza, Muhammad Iqbal. Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan. Journal of Global Health. 2020; 10 (1):010353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naeem Shahzad; Irfan Abid; Wajahat Javed Mirza; Muhammad Iqbal. 2020. "Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan." Journal of Global Health 10, no. 1: 010353.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2019 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Iqbal, M.M.; Shoaib, M. and Agwanda, P., 2019. The response of pollution loadings of the coastal river waterfront on red tides in South Sea. In: Lee, J.L.; Yoon, J.-S.; Cho, W.C.; Muin, M., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 3rd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 91, pp. 231-235. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The red tide is an abnormal water environment phenomenon, which harshly effects economic growth, aquatic life, and human health. It characterizes a major ecological problem in the marine ecosystem universally. The process of red tide prevalence has been investigated for several years, and a lot of systems and approaches have been established. Though previous researches have efficiently explored the knowledge of the process involved in red tide development, the combined effect of the coastal riverfront water quality of different coastal areas on red tide development has not attained sufficient consideration. The study has examined the connection between red tides and pollution load from the coastal waterfront. The research assesses the water quality of the coastal river waterfront (Tamjin River) using Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP 8.1) and nutrient load discharged into the West Sea using LOADEST. Through long-term investigation of the study region, it was found that red tides only occur in the late summer season. By investigating all the nutrient's load, TN (Total Nitrogen) and Chl-a (Chlorophyll-a) shows significant impact on red tides to some extent. The result of this study reveals that the pollution load from the coastal waterfront is also one of the possible factors of red tide occurrence in coastal region of the South Sea near the Tamjin River delta.

ACS Style

Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Paul Omondi Agwanda. The Response of Pollution Load from Coastal River Waterfront on Red Tides in South Sea. Journal of Coastal Research 2019, 91, 231 -235.

AMA Style

Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Shoaib, Paul Omondi Agwanda. The Response of Pollution Load from Coastal River Waterfront on Red Tides in South Sea. Journal of Coastal Research. 2019; 91 (sp1):231-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Paul Omondi Agwanda. 2019. "The Response of Pollution Load from Coastal River Waterfront on Red Tides in South Sea." Journal of Coastal Research 91, no. sp1: 231-235.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2019 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Agwanda, P.O. and Iqbal, M.M., 2019. Engineering control of eutrophication: Potential impact assessment of wastewater treatment plants around Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Kenya. In: Lee, J.L.; Yoon, J.-S.; Cho, W.C.; Muin, M., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 3rd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 91, pp. 221-225. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Municipal wastewater treatment is one of the engineering solutions to the reduction of nutrients deposit into the lakes without an appreciation of the ultimate catchment-wide impact of engineering solutions in reducing nutrient loads input to the Gulf. Applying LOADEST and LAKE2K to evaluate the potential impact of municipal wastewater treatment measures adopted for the reduction of nutrient into the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya. About 10% to 31% of Total Phosphorus removal was achieved while Total Nitrogen increased in the wastewater treatment process. The combined potential impacts of the existing three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were less than about 2%. Rigorous analysis of the scale and dynamic of catchment nutrient budget is essential to the design of engineering solutions for effective eutrophication control.

ACS Style

Paul Omondi Agwanda; Muhammad Iqbal. Engineering Control of Eutrophication: Potential Impact Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plants Around Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Kenya. Journal of Coastal Research 2019, 91, 221 -225.

AMA Style

Paul Omondi Agwanda, Muhammad Iqbal. Engineering Control of Eutrophication: Potential Impact Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plants Around Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Kenya. Journal of Coastal Research. 2019; 91 (sp1):221-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Omondi Agwanda; Muhammad Iqbal. 2019. "Engineering Control of Eutrophication: Potential Impact Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plants Around Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Kenya." Journal of Coastal Research 91, no. sp1: 221-225.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2019 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Shoaib, M.; Iqbal, M.M.; Khan, R., and Lee, J.L., 2019. An analytical study for eutrophication management of arawaterway, Korea, by developing a flow model. In: Lee, J.L.; Yoon, J.-S.; Cho, W.C.; Muin, M., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 3rd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 91, pp. 226-230. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The first inland artificial flow canal, Arawaterway, located at the lower part of the Han River, Korea, has been experiencing an excessive concentration of chlorophyll-a, lately. This study aims to develop an efficient plan to reduce the concentration of chlorophyll-a in the waterway. An analytical model was applied and calibrated with the data of the year 2016 to find the influence of the detention time on the chlorophyll-a concentration. Statistical analysis was applied to verify the results of the analytical model. A numerical method, Runge-Kutta was applied to compare the results of the analytical solution. A flow model was developed to find the optimum flow rate from the Han river to the Arawaterway. Based on the elevation of West Sea and the Han River the elevation of Arawaterway was calculated. The results revealed that under the optimum flow conditions, the detention time could be decreased by 61%. The result produced by the flow model was applied on the analytical model and it was revealed that the mean monthly concentration of chlorophyll-a could be decreased by 28%.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shoaib; Muhammad Iqbal; Rizwan Khan; Jung Lyul Lee. An Analytical Study for Eutrophication Management of Arawaterway, Korea, by Developing a Flow Model. Journal of Coastal Research 2019, 91, 226 -230.

AMA Style

Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Iqbal, Rizwan Khan, Jung Lyul Lee. An Analytical Study for Eutrophication Management of Arawaterway, Korea, by Developing a Flow Model. Journal of Coastal Research. 2019; 91 (sp1):226-230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shoaib; Muhammad Iqbal; Rizwan Khan; Jung Lyul Lee. 2019. "An Analytical Study for Eutrophication Management of Arawaterway, Korea, by Developing a Flow Model." Journal of Coastal Research 91, no. sp1: 226-230.

Original article
Published: 02 July 2019 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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Future climate change and the temporal variability of water availability may cause the deterioration of groundwater quality and increase depths to water tables. In this study, groundwater quality data of 347 monitoring sites from 2003 to 2016 from a region in Pakistan were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variability in different water quality parameters using the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests. The results indicated a significant increasing trend (SIT) at 23% sites in pre-SAR (sodium adsorption ratio during the pre-monsoon season) and at 22% sites in pre-EC (electrical conductivity during the pre-monsoon season) over the entire study period. The spatial distribution modeling of groundwater quality trends indicated that a significant increasing trend was observed in EC at most of the monitoring sites during the pre-monsoon season (α = 0.05). The area with significant increasing trend of groundwater EC and SAR values increased during the pre-monsoon season and decreased during the post-monsoon season. A continuous significant increasing trend in EC and SAR was observed in the northern part of the study area during the period 2003–2016. This trend indicates that excessive groundwater abstraction in the area is causing adverse impacts on groundwater quality, and that management measures need to be urgently implemented to limit further degradation of groundwater quality.

ACS Style

Hafiz Umar Farid; Ijaz Ahmad; Muhammad Naveed Anjum; Zahid Mahmood Khan; Muhammad Iqbal; Aamir Shakoor; Muhammad Mubeen. Assessing seasonal and long-term changes in groundwater quality due to over-abstraction using geostatistical techniques. Environmental Earth Sciences 2019, 78, 386 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Umar Farid, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Naveed Anjum, Zahid Mahmood Khan, Muhammad Iqbal, Aamir Shakoor, Muhammad Mubeen. Assessing seasonal and long-term changes in groundwater quality due to over-abstraction using geostatistical techniques. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2019; 78 (13):386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Umar Farid; Ijaz Ahmad; Muhammad Naveed Anjum; Zahid Mahmood Khan; Muhammad Iqbal; Aamir Shakoor; Muhammad Mubeen. 2019. "Assessing seasonal and long-term changes in groundwater quality due to over-abstraction using geostatistical techniques." Environmental Earth Sciences 78, no. 13: 386.

Research article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Advances in Meteorology
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This study applied the remote sensing-based drought index, namely, the Energy-Based Water Deficit Index (EWDI), across Mongolia, Australia, and Korean Peninsula for the period between 2000 and 2010. The EWDI is estimated based on the hydrometeorological variables such as evapotranspiration, soil moisture, solar radiation, and vegetation activity which are derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imageries. The estimated EWDI was compared with the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The correlation coefficients between the drought indices are as follows: 0.73–0.76 (EWDI vs ESI), 0.64–0.71 (EWDI vs VCI), 0.54–0.64 (EWDI vs SPI-3), 0.69–0.71 (ESI vs VCI), 0.55–0.62 (ESI vs SPI-3), and 0.53–0.57 (VCI vs SPI-3). The drought prediction accuracy of each index according to error matrix analysis is as follows: 83.33–94.17% (EWDI), 70.00–91.67% (ESI), 47.50–85.00% (VCI), and 61.67–88.33% (SPI-3). Based on the results, the EWDI and ESI were found to be more accurate in capturing moderate drought conditions than the SPI at different geographical regions.

ACS Style

Chanyang Sur; DongKyun Kim; Joo-Heon Lee; Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Minha Choi. Hydrological Drought Assessment of Energy-Based Water Deficit Index (EWDI) at Different Geographical Regions. Advances in Meteorology 2019, 2019, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Chanyang Sur, DongKyun Kim, Joo-Heon Lee, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Minha Choi. Hydrological Drought Assessment of Energy-Based Water Deficit Index (EWDI) at Different Geographical Regions. Advances in Meteorology. 2019; 2019 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chanyang Sur; DongKyun Kim; Joo-Heon Lee; Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Minha Choi. 2019. "Hydrological Drought Assessment of Energy-Based Water Deficit Index (EWDI) at Different Geographical Regions." Advances in Meteorology 2019, no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
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Detailed knowledge about soil characteristics and site-specific final steady infiltration rate could help to increase the irrigation water use efficiency and decrease water losses in agricultural system. The experiments were conducted on Agricultural Research Farm of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan during 2016. The cumulative infiltration depth was measured using double ring infiltrometer at selected six points of the study area. Most commonly used infiltration models such as Kostikov’s, Philip’s and Horton’s were fitted to the field infiltration data for determination of model parameters and to find the best fit model for the study area. Kostikov’s infiltration model’s parameters such as empirical constant ‘c’ and infiltration decay constants ‘k’ were obtained in the ranges of 0.140-0.290 and 0.307-0.433, respectively. Philip’s infiltration model’s parameters such as sorptivity ‘S’ and conductivity constant ‘A’ were found in the ranges of 0.167-0.288 cm/min1/2 and –0.001 to –0.009 cm/min, respectively. Similarly, the Horton’s model’s ‘parameter ‘k’ was obtained in the range of –1.619 to –1.238. The value of infiltration capacity at onset of infiltration (fo) was obtained as 1.744 to 3.491 for all the six points. The analysis showed that the infiltration models using the estimated parameters have satisfactory prediction capability at all the selected points. Horton’s model provided the lowest mean values for RMSE (0.235) and highest mean values for ME (94%); and the lowest mean values for MPD (0.127). This indicated that infiltration can be well-described by the Horton’s model at the selected site. Keywords: infiltration characteristics, infiltration models, parameters estimation, perdition capability DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191203.4015 Citation: Farid H U, Mahmood-Khan Z, Ahmad I, Shakoor A, Anjum M N, Iqbal M M, et al. Estimation of infiltration models parameters and their comparison to simulate the onsite soil infiltration characteristics. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(3): 84–91.

ACS Style

Hafiz Umar Farid; Zahid Mahmood-Khan; Ijaz Ahmad; Aamir Shakoor; Muhammad Naveed Anjum; Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Mubeen; Muhammad Asghar. Estimation of infiltration models parameters and their comparison to simulate the onsite soil infiltration characteristics. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019, 12, 84 -91.

AMA Style

Hafiz Umar Farid, Zahid Mahmood-Khan, Ijaz Ahmad, Aamir Shakoor, Muhammad Naveed Anjum, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Muhammad Mubeen, Muhammad Asghar. Estimation of infiltration models parameters and their comparison to simulate the onsite soil infiltration characteristics. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2019; 12 (3):84-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Umar Farid; Zahid Mahmood-Khan; Ijaz Ahmad; Aamir Shakoor; Muhammad Naveed Anjum; Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Mubeen; Muhammad Asghar. 2019. "Estimation of infiltration models parameters and their comparison to simulate the onsite soil infiltration characteristics." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 12, no. 3: 84-91.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2018 in Sustainability
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The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and surfactants that are widely used in commercial and industrial products lead to the likelihood of their co-occurrence in natural water, making it essential to investigate the effect of surfactants on the fate and mobility of ZnO NPs. The present study seeks to elucidate the effect of an anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), on ZnO NPs adsorption, aggregation, dissolution, and removal by the coagulation process. The results indicate that the presence of SDS in ZnO NPs suspension significantly reduced the ζ-potential and hydrodynamic diameter (HDD), while the effect of NPEO was found not to be significant. The sorption of SDS and NPEO by ZnO NPs were fitted with Langmuir model, but the Freundlich isotherm was more suitable for SDS at pH 9.0. Moreover, the adsorption was strongly pH-dependent due to the formation of mono-bilayer patches onto the NPs. The SDS remarkably affect the dissolution and aggregation phenomena of ZnO NPs in natural waters as compared to NPEO. Finally, the coagulation results showed that the removal efficiency of ZnO, Zn2+ and the surfactant in synthetic and wastewaters at optimum ferric chloride (FC) dosage reached around 85–98% and 20–50%, respectively. Coagulation mechanism investigation demonstrated that the cooperation of charge neutralization and adsorptive micellar flocculation (AMF) might play an important role. In summary, this study may provide new insight into the environmental behavior of coexisting ZnO NPs and surfactants in water treatment processes, and it may facilitate their sustainable use in commercial products and processes.

ACS Style

Rizwan Khan; Muhammad Inam; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Du Park; Kang Lee; SooKyo Shin; Sarfaraz Khan; Ick Yeom. Removal of ZnO Nanoparticles from Natural Waters by Coagulation-Flocculation Process: Influence of Surfactant Type on Aggregation, Dissolution and Colloidal Stability. Sustainability 2018, 11, 17 .

AMA Style

Rizwan Khan, Muhammad Inam, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Shoaib, Du Park, Kang Lee, SooKyo Shin, Sarfaraz Khan, Ick Yeom. Removal of ZnO Nanoparticles from Natural Waters by Coagulation-Flocculation Process: Influence of Surfactant Type on Aggregation, Dissolution and Colloidal Stability. Sustainability. 2018; 11 (1):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rizwan Khan; Muhammad Inam; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Du Park; Kang Lee; SooKyo Shin; Sarfaraz Khan; Ick Yeom. 2018. "Removal of ZnO Nanoparticles from Natural Waters by Coagulation-Flocculation Process: Influence of Surfactant Type on Aggregation, Dissolution and Colloidal Stability." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 17.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A river water quality spatial profile has a diverse pattern of variation over different climatic regions. To comprehend this phenomenon, our study evaluated the spatial scale variation of the Water Quality Index (WQI). The study was carried out over four main climatic classes in Asia based on the Koppen-Geiger climate classification system: tropical, temperate, cold, and arid. The one-dimensional surface water quality model, QUAL2Kw was selected and compared for water quality simulations. Calibration and validation were separately performed for the model predictions over different climate classes. The accuracy of the water quality model was assessed using different statistical analyses. The spatial profile of WQI was calculated using model predictions based on dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3), and pH. The results showed that there is a smaller longitudinal variation of WQI in the cold climatic regions than other regions, which does not change the status of WQI. Streams from arid, temperate, and tropical climatic regions show a decreasing trend of DO with respect to the longitudinal profiles of main river flows. Since this study found that each climate zone has the different impact on DO dynamics such as reaeration rate, reoxygenation, and oxygen solubility. The outcomes obtained in this study are expected to provide the impetus for developing a strategy for the viable improvement of the water environment.

ACS Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Hafiz Umar Farid; Jung Lyul Lee. Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2258 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Muhammad Shoaib, Hafiz Umar Farid, Jung Lyul Lee. Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (10):2258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Hafiz Umar Farid; Jung Lyul Lee. 2018. "Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2258.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2018 in Water
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One of the challenging problems of Punjab, the most populous province of Pakistan, is the surface water-quality problem of the Ravi River, which flows through the main cities of the province. At present, the overall status of water quality is very polluted, primarily due to residential and industrial wastewater directly discharged into the Ravi River through a network of drains. Due to the poor quality of the water, the river ecosystem is not favorable for the aquatic and surrounding environment. Hence, management options are proposed to reduce pollution. Therefore, the study was formulated to identify the main sources of pollution along the Ravi River and their potential impact on the course of the river channel. In addition, the study applied a numerical model WASP 8.1 (Water Quality Simulation Program) to discover the best strategy for the improvement of water quality. Through the model simulation it was found that, if the flow at headwater and link canals is increased up to 50%, along with 75% improvement in the pollution concentration of drains through wastewater-treatment facilities, the water quality of the Ravi River can be improved up to an acceptable limit of water-quality standards.

ACS Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Paul Agwanda; Jung Lyul Lee. Modeling Approach for Water-Quality Management to Control Pollution Concentration: A Case Study of Ravi River, Punjab, Pakistan. Water 2018, 10, 1068 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Muhammad Shoaib, Paul Agwanda, Jung Lyul Lee. Modeling Approach for Water-Quality Management to Control Pollution Concentration: A Case Study of Ravi River, Punjab, Pakistan. Water. 2018; 10 (8):1068.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal; Muhammad Shoaib; Paul Agwanda; Jung Lyul Lee. 2018. "Modeling Approach for Water-Quality Management to Control Pollution Concentration: A Case Study of Ravi River, Punjab, Pakistan." Water 10, no. 8: 1068.