Substantial amounts of nitrogenous (N) compounds, as well as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS), contribute to the impurities of pharmaceutical contamination (PC) in wastewater, which have detrimental effects on the environment, humans, and aquaculture. The anammox processes is primarily used to treat wastewater contamination, in which certain microbial communities play a crucial role. In this regard, the present study focuses on microbial communities and the functional genes involved in the anammox process. Further, the current study highlights the secondary (biological) and tertiary (advanced) methods; these techniques are more effective solutions for PC treatment. Anammox bacteria are the primary drivers of the wastewater’s ammonium and nitrite removal process. However, overall, 25 anammox species have been recognized between five important genera, including Anammoxoglobus, Anammoximicrobium, Brocadia, Kuenenia, and Jettenia, which are mainly found in activated sludge and marine environments. The group of bacteria called anammox has genes that encode enzymes such as hydrazine synthase (HZS), hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH), nitrite oxidoreductase reductase (NIR), hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO), and ammonium monooxygenase (AMO). The anammox process is responsible for developing about 30% to 70% N gases worldwide, making it a critical component of the nitrogen cycle as well. Therefore, this review paper also investigates the pathways of hydrazine, an intermediate in the anammox process, and discusses the potential way to significantly decrease the N-compound contamination from wastewater systems and the environmental effects of determined organic contaminants of BPA and BPS.

In the new era, the Ministry of Education is actively promoting the construction of "new engineering" to meet the unprecedented changes of the century. However, the talent cultivation pathway for traditional engineering majors under this construction goal has not been clearly analyzed, which cannot provide clear guidance for the reform and development of higher engineering education in China. Therefore, this paper takes the environmental engineering at Yancheng Institute of Technology as an example, and uses the case study method to explore the talent cultivation pathway of applied universities, aiming to provide feasible ideas for the upgrading and transformation of traditional engineering majors.