Wheat bran, rich in phenolic compounds like ferulic acid, possesses notable antioxidant properties that may contribute to cancer treatment strategies. This study examined the effects of hydrolyzed arabinoxylan oligomers (HAOs) linked with ferulic acid from hard wheat bran on three human cancer cell lines: colon cancer (SW480), liver cancer (HepG2), and cervical cancer (HeLa). Cells were cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) 0.5% PGS matrix and exposed to varying concentrations (100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) of wheat bran antioxidants (WBA) extracts. Results show that WBA inhibited growth of SW480 cells, significantly reducing spheroid expansion and promoting dehydration. In contrast, HepG2 cells exhibited increased growth under WBA treatment, suggesting a non-toxic, growth-enhancing effect. No significant changes were observed in HeLa cell growth, with cell viability remaining high across all treatments. These findings highlight the selective influence of WBA on cancer cell behavior, underscoring its potential for targeted, personalized cancer therapies. This study provides valuable insights into the application of antioxidant-rich compounds for modulating specific cancer cell dynamics, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of Review: Regenerative medicine is transforming modern healthcare by offering personalized approaches to the treatment of diseases and injuries. With rapid market growth and significant breakthroughs in cell and biomaterial technologies, the field is poised to reshape the future of medicine. This short review highlights emerging trends, and the critical roles of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and 3D biomanufacturing in advancing regenerative solutions and challenges. Recent Findings: Recent studies have shown that the potentials of hiPSCs have been significantly limited by current monolayer (2D) or 3D suspension technologies. hiPSCs require physiologically relevant 3D microenvironment to support their migration and signaling and interact with the 3D environment as well as between hiPSCs themselves, regulating and sustaining their proliferation and pluripotency, thereby enabling long-term maintenance, expansion, and differentiation. Summary: hiPSCs play a significant role in regenerative medicine, including applications in drug development, disease modeling, and tissue regeneration. Synthetic peptide hydrogels (PepGel), such as PGmatrix, have demonstrated the ability to enable physiologically relevant 3D biomanufacturing of hiPSCs by supporting the maintenance and growth of hiPSCs in a biologically natural manner while preserving their pluripotent integrity for high performance somatic cells and organoids production. Advanced automation and AI aided processing have been aligned to traditional 2D culture and 3D suspension systems, which need to be adapted into physiologically relevant biomanufacturing of 3D hiPSC and their derived products.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great potential for regenerative medicine. However, optimizing their differentiation into specific lineages within three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based culture systems that mimic in vivo environments remains challenging. This study examined the trilineage differentiation of hiPSCs under various 3D conditions using synthetic peptide hydrogel matrices with and without embryoid body (EB) medium induction. hiPSC 3D colonies (spheroids), naturally formed from single cells or small clusters in 3D culture, were used for differentiation into the three germ lineages. Differentiated spheroids exhibited distinct morphological characteristics and significantly increased expression of key lineage-specific markers—FOXA2 (endoderm), Brachyury (mesoderm), and PAX6 (ectoderm)—compared to undifferentiated controls. Marker expression varied depending on the 3D culture conditions. Differentiation efficiency improved significantly, increasing from 16% to 71% for endoderm, 61% to 80% for mesoderm, and 35% to 48% for ectoderm, by selecting the appropriate 3D matrix and applying EB induction. Comprehensive data analysis from RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry staining, and flow cytometry confirmed that the Synthegel Spheroid (SGS) is a viable 3D matrix for evaluating all three germ lineages using a commercial trilineage differentiation kit. While EB induction is essential for endodermal differentiation, it is not required for mesodermal and ectodermal lineages. These findings are valuable not only for screening initial differentiation potential at the lineage level but also for optimizing 3D differentiation protocols for deriving somatic cells from hiPSCs.