Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that significantly impact patients’ quality of life and imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems and society, including considerable costs associated with surgical management when required. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the burden of CRS, encompassing its impact on patients, society, and the economy, while also highlighting the latest advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A systematic review using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases identified recent literature published in English, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Search terms included “chronic rhinosinusitis”, “burden”, “quality of life”, “economic impact”, “diagnosis”, “treatment”, and “endotypes”. Original research, reviews, and meta-analyses were included, while case reports, surgical-only studies, and non-English articles were excluded. Results: Characterized by persistent symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pressure, and discharge, CRS often leads to decreased productivity, missed workdays, and impaired sleep. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of CRS have led to the identification of distinct endotypes, including type 2 inflammation characterized by eosinophilic infiltration, and type 1 inflammation with a neutrophilic predominance. Conclusions: This understanding has paved the way for targeted therapies, including biologic agents that have shown promising results in managing CRS, particularly in patients with type 2 inflammation.

Simulation in endoscopic sinus surgery allows residents to learn anatomy, to achieve the correct handling of various rhinological instruments, and to practice different surgical procedures. Physically or non-virtual reality models are the main items in endoscopic sinus surgery simulation. The objective of this review is to identify and make a descriptive analysis of non-virtual endoscopic sinus surgery simulators which have been proposed for training. As a new state of the art, surgical simulators are developed continuously, so they can be used to learn basic endoscopic surgery skills by repetitive maneuvers, permitting detection of surgical error and incidents without risk for the patient. Of all training physical models, the ovine model stands out because of the similarities of the sinonasal pathways, the wide availability, and the low costs. Considering the similar nature of the tissues involved, the techniques and surgical instruments can be used almost interchangeably with minimal differences. Every surgical technique studied until now has a degree of risk and the only aspects that consistently reduced the number of complications are training, repetition, and hands-on experience.

Background and Objectives: This study aims to establish the sheep head as a viable anatomical model for training in functional endoscopic sinus surgery through comprehensive anatomical examination and training-based assessment of participants’ satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Participants were divided into three groups according to their prior experience in endoscopic sinus surgery; in total, 24 participants were included. Each participant in the study was assigned to perform the designated procedures on a single sheep’s head. Following the completion of the procedures, each participant was provided with a 14-item comprehensive satisfaction questionnaire with a scale attributed from 1 to 5. The normality of distribution was checked by applying the Shapiro-Wilk Test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to compare study group sentiment of agreement towards individual procedures. Results: No significant differences were noted between the answers of the different groups. For the resident group, the average satisfaction score was 4.09 ± 0.54; junior specialist group 4.00 ± 0.55; for the senior specialist group overall satisfaction average score was 4.2 ± 0.77. Conclusions: The sheep’s head can be successfully used for learning and practicing manual skills and the use of instruments specific to functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Moreover, the sheep head model can be used for training in other diagnostic or surgical procedures in the field of otorhinolaryngology, such as endoscopy of the salivary glands, open laryngotracheal surgery, or in otologic surgery, but also in other different surgical fields such as neurosurgery, ophthalmology or plastic surgery. Despite the differences between the ovine model and human anatomy, it provides a resourceful and cost-effective model for beginners in endoscopic nasal surgery.

Laser nasal surgery has been an elusive subject in the last 10 to 15 years It was considered as a potential surgical staple for nasal surgery in the 1980s; however, it did not become one due to technical difficulties. Laser therapy has reemerged as an alternative to classical endoscopic surgery, and otorhinolaryngology surgeons are considering the benefits that it can offer. The advantages of this procedure are shorter hospitalization time, lack of nasal packing, high procedural precision with tissue sparing, and the unique capability of reducing both bacterial and fungal colonization at the level of the paranasal sinus. Therefore, laser therapy appears to be an invaluable tool for clinical practice. Due to the absence of a guaranteed cure for reoccurring nasal polyposis, laser therapy is worth investigating. For this therapy to evolve, an improved understanding of laser types and the effects that they produce is required. By investing in further developments of the equipment, the technique may become more widely used. With the current accelerated rate of technological evolution and robotic capabilities, laser nasal surgery may become a gold standard in future years. The aim of the present review is to evaluate whether it is worth investing in nasal laser surgery as a future alternative to current treatment standards.

Background/Objectives: Tonsillectomy remains one of the most frequently performed procedures in pediatric otolaryngology. This study compared the clinical efficacy and postoperative morbidity of coblation tonsillectomy (Group A) versus traditional cold dissection (Group B), focusing on postoperative pain, recovery time, and hemorrhagic complications. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was conducted involving 100 pediatric patients (n = 50 per group) aged 3 to 17 years. Patients were monitored for 10 days postoperatively. The primary outcome was pain intensity, measured twice daily using the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes included operative time, analgesic consumption, time to return to a normal diet, and secondary hemorrhage rates. Results: The mean operative time for Group A was significantly shorter (18.5 ± 4.2 min) compared to Group B (24.1 ± 5.6 min; p < 0.05). Pain assessment showed significantly lower mean pain scores for the Coblation group during the critical first week. For instance, on Post-op Day 1, the mean pain score was 3.2 for Group A vs. 5.8 for Group B (p < 0.001). Patients in Group A returned to a normal solid diet significantly earlier (mean day 5.2 ± 1.1) than those in Group B (mean day 7.4 ± 1.5; p < 0.01). Secondary hemorrhage occurred in 1 case (2%) in Group A and 1 case (2%) in Group B (p = 1.00). Conclusions: Coblation tonsillectomy significantly reduces postoperative pain and accelerates recovery without compromising the safety profile. The clinical benefits, despite the higher procedural cost, justify its preference in modern pediatric surgical practice due to improved quality of life for the patient.

Background/Objectives: Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is the primary cause of conductive hearing loss in children. High recurrence rates following conventional surgery are often linked to incomplete nasopharyngeal clearance or persistent adenotonsillar biofilms. This study evaluates the long-term impact of endoscopic coblation adenotonsillotomy on middle ear clearance and disease recurrence compared to conventional curettage adenoidectomy. Methods: We conducted a prospective comparative study on 142 pediatric patients with persistent OME. Participants were allocated into Group A (Endoscopic Coblation Adenotonsillotomy, n = 72) and Group B (Conventional Curettage Adenoidectomy, n = 70). Groups were homogeneous regarding age, gender, and baseline audiological parameters (p > 0.05), all presenting with moderate conductive hearing loss and Type B/C tympanograms. Primary outcomes included tympanometric normalization (Type A conversion), auditory gain (Air–Bone Gap closure), and the rate of secondary ventilation tube (VT) insertion, monitored at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: At the 1-month follow-up, Group A showed a higher normalization rate than Group B (75.0% vs. 60.0%), though this was near the threshold of statistical significance (p = 0.058). However, at 3, 6, and 12 months, the coblation group demonstrated significantly higher recovery rates (p < 0.05). By 12 months, 94.4% of Group A maintained a Type A tympanogram compared to 78.5% in Group B. Group A achieved a significantly lower mean ABG at 12 months (8.2 ± 3.1 dB vs. 12.6 ± 5.4 dB, p < 0.001), reflecting a superior auditory gain (20.2 dB vs. 15.3 dB). Furthermore, the recurrence rate was significantly lower in Group A (4.1% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.021), resulting in a substantially lower requirement for secondary VT insertion compared to the conventional group (2.7% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.018). Conclusions: Endoscopic coblation adenotonsillotomy provides significant long-term clinical advantages over conventional curettage. By ensuring precise, atraumatic clearance of the Fossa of Rosenmüller and addressing the tonsillar biofilm reservoir, this technique achieves more stable middle ear aeration and superior auditory recovery, significantly reducing the necessity for secondary surgical interventions at one year.