Facility agriculture is essential for diversifying food supply and advancing agricultural modernization. Guided by the concept of new quality productive forces, this study establishes a comprehensive framework to analyze the optimization of facility agricultural land allocation in Zhejiang Province. The findings indicate a relatively low overall allocation level, with higher intensity in the breeding industry compared to crop cultivation. Facility agricultural land is predominantly located in areas with lower elevations, gentler slopes, proximity to roads and rivers, and moderate distances from urban centers. Service areas vary significantly, with grain cultivation having the largest impact, followed by other crop cultivation, fruit and vegetable cultivation, aquaculture, other livestock breeding, and pig farming. As agriculture transitions from small-scale to large-scale and facility-based production, service areas exhibit an inverted U-shaped trend, initially increasing before declining. To optimize decision-making, this study proposes a classification system (shared, modern, safeguard), an entry list (encouraged, restricted, prohibited), and strategies for spatial layout, flexible control, and intensive land use. Guided by green and high-quality development goals, this research establishes a contemporary standard system and optimization strategies, offering scientific and practical guidance for sustainable facility agricultural land development and supporting land resource allocation and industry upgrading.

Against a global backdrop of industrialization and urbanization, precise measurement of multifactor flows and systematic identification of barriers and drivers are critical for optimizing resource allocation in smart regional development. This study develops an integrated geospatial analytic framework that incorporates mobile signaling data and POI data to quantify the intensity, barriers, and driving mechanisms of urban–rural factor flows in Huzhou City at the township scale. Key findings reveal the following. (1) Urban–rural factor flows exhibit significant spatial polarization, with less than 20% of connections accounting for the majority of flow intensity. The structure shows clear core–periphery differentiation, further shaped by inner heterogeneity and metropolitan spillovers. (2) Barriers demonstrate complex and uneven spatial distributions, with 45.37% of the integrated flow intervals experiencing impediments. Critically, some nodes act as both facilitators and obstacles, depending on the flow type and direction, revealing a metamodern tension between promotion and impairment. (3) Economic vitality plays a crucial role in driving urban–rural factor flow, with different factors having complex, often synergistic or nonlinear effects on both single and integrated flows. The study advances the theoretical understanding of heterogeneous spatial structures in urban–rural systems and provides a replicable analytical framework for diagnosing factor flows in small and medium-sized cities. These insights form a critical basis for designing targeted and adaptive regional governance strategies.