Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use in prostate cancer (PCa) has seen a rising trend. We investigated the relationship between ADT and adverse changes in metabolic parameters in an Asian population.Methods: This is an international prospective multicenter single‐arm cohort yielded from the real‐life experience of ADT in Asia (READT) registry. Consecutive ADT‐naïve patients diagnosed of PCa and started on ADT were prospectively recruited from 2016 and analyzed. Baseline patient characteristics, PCa disease status, and metabolic parameters were documented. Patients were followed up at 6‐month interval for up to 5 years. Metabolic parameters including body weight, lipid profiles, and glycemic profiles were recorded and analyzed.Results: 589 patients were eligible for analysis. ADT was associated with adverse glycemic profiles, being notable at 6 months upon ADT initiation and persisted beyond 1 year. Comparing to baseline, fasting glucose level and hemoglobin A1c level increased by 4.8% (p < 0.001) and 2.7% (p < 0.001), respectively. Triglycerides level was also elevated by 16.1% at 6th month and by 20.6% at 12th month compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Mean body weight was 1.09 kg above baseline at 18th month (p < 0.001).Conclusion: ADT was associated with adverse metabolic parameters in terms of glycemic profiles, lipid profiles, and body weight in the Asian population. These changes developed early in the treatment and can persist beyond the first year. Regular monitoring of the biochemical profiles during treatment is paramount in safeguarding the patients' metabolic health.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC), one of the most prevalent and aggressive urological malignancies, poses significant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and recurrence management. Patient-derived organoid provides new directions for the precision diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Objective: To make a comprehensive summary of the current bladder cancer organoid studies. Methods: A comprehensive database search was conducted to provide an in-depth overview of the current state of bladder cancer organoid models, with a focus on their applications in basic research, clinical translation, and therapeutic discovery. Results: We summarized the current bladder cancer organoid studies, highlighting their advantages, such as genetic fidelity and high-throughput drug screening capabilities. Additionally, we also address the challenges, including their limited representation of the tumour microenvironment and technical complexity. Finally, we discuss future directions, including the integration of immunotherapy, the development of co-culture systems, and the exploration of non-invasive sampling methods and organoid-on-chip systems. Conclusions: Traditional pre-clinical models have inherent limitations in mimicking the complexity of human tumours. The emergence of organoid technology has offered a groundbreaking approach to address this challenge, providing an innovative tool for studying tumour biology, genetic alterations, drug screening, and personalized medicine in bladder cancer.

(1) Introduction: Diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS) is an important component in the workup of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Whether URS was associated with increased recurrence in the bladder was not fully concluded. The current study aimed to evaluate the implication of URS on the incidences of intravesical recurrence following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in non-metastatic UTUC patients without prior history of bladder cancer via multi-institutional data. (2) Patients and Methods: Data were obtained from the Clinical Research Office of the Endourology Society Urothelial Carcinomas of the Upper Tract (CROES-UTUC) registry, a prospective, multicentre database. Patients with non-metastatic UTUC treated with RNU were divided into two groups: those undergoing upfront RNU and those having diagnostic URS prior to RNU. Intravesical recurrence-free survival (IVRS) was the primary endpoint, evaluated through Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression. Cases with adequate follow-up data were included. (3) Results: The analysis included 269 patients. Of these, 137 (50.9%) received upfront RNU and 132 (49.1%) received pre-RNU URS. The URS group exhibited an inferior 24-month IVRS compared to the upfront RNU group (HR = 1.705, 95% CI = 1.082–2.688; p = 0.020). Multivariate analysis confirmed URS as the only significant predictor of IVR (p = 0.019). Ureteric access sheath usage, flexible ureteroscopy, ureteric biopsy, retrograde contrast studies, and the duration of URS did not significantly affect IVRS. (4) Conclusions: Diagnostic URS prior to RNU was found to be associated with an increased risk of IVR in patients with UTUC. The risk was not significantly influenced by auxiliary procedures during URS. Physicians were advised to meticulously evaluate the necessity of diagnostic URS.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of tumour location on the survival outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Method: Patients with ureteral urothelial carcinoma (UUC) or renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma (RPUC) of the Clinical Research Office of the Endourology Society (CROES)-UTUC registry were analyzed. Study outcomes included overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), intravesical recurrence-free survival (IRFS), and progression-free survival (PFS), which were compared using Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the differences in tumour features between the two groups. Result: The UUC and RPUC groups consisted of 309 (41.9%) and 429 (58.1%) patients, respectively. RPUC group had larger tumour size (77.9% ≥ 2 cm vs 67.0% in UUC, p < 0.01), and more T3/T4 tumours (36.4% vs. 22. 0%, p < 0.01). The UUC group exhibited worse PFS compared to the RPUC group ( p = 0.029 for the initial analysis and p = 0.013 after PSM). However, there were no significant differences in OS (p = 0.088 before PSM and p = 0.255 after PSM), CSS (p = 0.106 before PSM and p = 0.101 after PSM), or IRFS (p = 0.112 before PSM and p = 0.28 after PSM) between the two groups. Conclusion: Patients with ureteral urothelial carcinoma exhibited worse PFS compared to those with renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma. However, no significant differences were observed in OS, CSS, or IRFS between the two tumour locations. UTUC patients should be counselled about their individualized prognosis accordingly. Registration: NCT02281188.