This study reviews the methods used to implement energy management systems (EnMS) in higher education institutions (HEIs) and their impact on improving energy performance considering their relationship with the requirements for an EnMS according to ISO 50001. From 2310 articles, 136 articles and 5 technical reports related to EnMS and energy efficiency were selected and analyzed. A synthesis of the major actions taken by HEIs to enhance their energy performance is presented, including energy management strategies, methods for measuring and estimating consumption, occupant behavior models that influence energy use, barriers to energy efficiency in HEIs buildings, and future challenges. It was found that studies on building energy management systems often do not incorporate an analysis of CO₂ emissions reduction. Funding for this research is driven by directives and policies related to energy performance. These results should assist HEIs seeking to implement an EnMS to improve their energy performance and reduce CO₂ emissions, thereby contributing to energy security, climate change mitigation, and fostering a new culture of energy use and consumption. It was also found that, although most studies do not explicitly mention the ISO 50001 standard, all of them comply with at least one of its requirements. Additionally, 27% of energy management strategies focus on operational aspects, while 26% involve energy audits, primarily through measurement, estimation, forecasting, energy reviews, and the establishment of an energy baseline (EnBL).

Nowadays, the potential of hydrokinetic turbines as a sustainable alternative to complement traditional hydropower is widely recognized. This study presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of twin straight-bladed Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines, characterizing their hydrodynamic interactions and performance characteristics. The influence of turbine configuration spacing and flow parameters on efficiency and wake dynamics are investigated. The employed 3D computational approach combines the overset mesh technique, used to capture the unsteady flow around the turbines, with the URANS k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. Results show that turbine spacing improves power coefficients and overall efficiency, albeit at the cost of slower wake recovery. A noticeable performance increase is observed when the turbines are spaced between 1.5 and 2 diameters apart, which is predicted to reach up to 40% regarding the single turbine. Furthermore, the effect of flow interaction between the turbines is examined by analyzing the influence of turbine spacing on flow structures as well as pressure and skin friction coefficients on the blades. The performed analysis reveals that vortex detachment is delayed in the twin-turbine configuration compared to the isolated case, which partially explains the observed performance enhancement. The insights gained from this work are expected to contribute to the advancement of renewable hydrokinetic energy technologies.