A complete set of numerical parametric studies on automotive radiator has been presented in detail in this study. The modeling of radiator has been described by two methods, one is finite difference method and the other is thermal resistance concept. In the performance evaluation, a radiator is installed into a test-setup and the various parameters including mass flow rate of coolant, inlet coolant temperature; etc. are varied. A comparative analysis between different coolants is also shown. One coolant as water and other as mixture of water in propylene glycol in a ratio of 40:60 is used. It is observed that that the water is still the best coolant but its limitation is that it is corrosive and contains dissolved salts that degrade the coolant flow passage.

The development of renewable energy sources (RES) is necessary for the sustainable development of any country due to depleting fossil fuel level, climbing fossil fuel prices across the world and more recently pressure for reduction emission level. In India, several schemes and policies are launched by the government to support the use of RES to achieve energy security and self-sufficiency. This paper discusses the present scenario and future prospects of RES in India. Various schemes such as financial assistance, tax holiday etc for promoting RESs development and utilization are also discussed. The present situation is seen to be very promising and favorable for RES in India.

Generation of solar energy has tremendous scope in India. The geographical location of the country stands to its benefit for generating solar energy. The reason being India is a tropical country and it receives solar radiation almost throughout the year, which amounts to 3,000 hours of sunshine. This is equal to more than 5,000 trillion kWh. Almost, all parts of India receive 4-7 kWh of solar radiation per sq metres. This is equivalent to 2,300–3,200 sunshine hours per year. States like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, and West Bengal have great potential for tapping solar energy due to their location. Since majority of the population live in rural areas, there is much scope for solar energy being promoted in these areas. Use of solar energy can reduce the use of firewood and dung cakes by rural household. Many large projects have been proposed in India, some of them are: i).Thar Desert of India has best solar power projects, estimated to generate 700 to 2,100 GW, ii). The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) launched by the Centre is targeting 20,000 MW of solar energy power by 2022, iii).Gujarat’s pioneering solar power policy aims at 1,000 MW of solar energy generation, and Rs. 130 billion solar power plan was unveiled in July 2009, which projected to produce 20 GW of solar power by 2020. Apart from above, about 66 MW is installed for various applications in the rural area, amounting to be used in solar lanterns, street lighting systems and solar water pumps, etc. Thus, India has massive plan for Solar Energy generation that may not only fulfill the deficit of power generation but also contribute largely in Green Energy Production to help to reduce the Climatic Changes globally.

This paper, first, develops the reactive power capabilities of wind power generator and then discusses reactive power ancillary services issues related to the wind farms in the electricity market. Presently, the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system, with partial rated power electronic converters in the rotor circuit, is the most popular and widely used for the wind power generation due to its several advantages. The strength of the conventional DFIG in power processing, namely direct connection of the stator windings to the PCC, turns out to be a source of weakness in regards to tolerating PCC voltage disturbances. Utilizing, an additional series grid-side converter (SGSC) connected in series with stator winding of DFIG, it is possible to inject voltage into the grid for necessary compensation. This configuration is known as unified DFIG. A complete reactive power capability of unified DFIG is presented in this paper. The various key issues in providing the reactive power ancillary service are discussed.