To address the public health concern of cervical cancer (CC), 194 countries committed to eliminate it at the initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). We summarised quantitative results concerning CC elimination across these countries, including the progress in implementing three prevention levels (human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination, CC screening, and treatment for patients with CC) and achievement of interim Global Strategy for Cervical Cancer Elimination targets. Data were obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, and country responses to the WHO National Capacity Survey on Non-Communicable Diseases. This retrospective analysis examined data from 194 countries and regions, stratified by national income (high-income countries (HICs) vs low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)) and geographic location (continents such as Europe, Asia, and North America). A quantitative assessment evaluated global progress in primary, secondary, and tertiary CC prevention. By 2020, four countries had achieved Target 1 (90% of girls fully vaccinated against HPV by age 15). A total of 115 countries (51 (44.35%) HICs and 64 (55.65%) LMICs)) included HPV vaccination in their national immunisation programs. As of 2021, 133 countries (50 (37.59%) HICs and 83 (62.41%) LMICs)) implemented CC screening programs. Most of these were in Europe (41, 30.83%), Asia (32, 24.06%), and North America (20, 15.04%). Additionally, 126 countries (44 (34.92%) HICs and 82 (65.08%) LMICs)) had published national guidelines on CC management. These countries were primarily in Asia (32, 25.40%) and Europe (32, 25.40%). Furthermore, 69 countries provided palliative care under both scenarios. The 10 countries with the highest annual opioid consumption (excluding methadone) for CC, in oral morphine equivalence per capita (2017), were all HICs. Major inequalities persist in CC vaccination and screening across 194 countries, and access to these services is limited in most LMICs. Focusing on vulnerable populations with lower incomes and regions with stunted economic growth may help alleviate inequity and accelerate CC elimination. We also found that tertiary prevention was achieved in most LMICs, but the indicator-reported annual opioid consumption in oral morphine equivalents indirectly illustrates the under-utilisation of cancer treatment services.

“Three-medical linkage” is a key concern of the healthcare system reform deepening in China, while it has not achieved the expected outcomes yet. The issues of “no-linkage” or “linkage without moving” have increasingly become a major challenge. Data was obtained from various Yearbooks in China. Coupling coordination degree and gravity models were employed to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of the “three-medical linkage” in 31 provinces. The combination forecasting method was used to forecast the development trend of the “three-medical linkage.” We constructed the obstacle degree model to identify the main obstacles to coordinated development. The overall development of the three systems exhibited a continuous upward trend. The coupling coordination grade of the “three-medical linkage” system has progressed from the disorderly development stage to the transitional stage in most provinces. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta regions are the most closely connected. Regional disparities in the degree of coupling coordination will widen in the future. The number of people benefiting from maternity insurance, per capita total health expenditure, and new drug research and development (R&D) costs hindered the coordinated development of the three systems. Highlighting the improvement of the “three-medical linkage” is essential. Under the goals of Healthy China and SDG3 (Good Health and Well-being), further efforts are needed to address systemic barriers and institutional deficiencies. The Chinese government should increase capital input to overcome major obstacles and carefully evaluate the imbalance in regional development.

Objective: To systematically investigate the key determinants influencing health information quality in social media environments and elucidate their hierarchical relationships, thereby providing evidence-based guidance for quality improvement. Methods: This study employed an innovative integration of meta-ethnography and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-Interpretive Structural Modeling (DEMATEL-ISM) methodologies. Through systematic extraction and multi-dimensional analysis of influencing factors—including centrality metrics, causal relationships, and hierarchical structures—we developed a comprehensive mechanism model clarifying factor interactions and their cumulative impacts on health information quality enhancement. Results: Our analysis identified 18 critical factors affecting health information quality, which were categorized into six distinct hierarchical levels through rigorous computational modeling. The results revealed complex cross-level interactions and mutual influences among these determinants. Nine core factors emerged as pivotal: information accuracy, authority orientation, platform reputation, creator expertise, information utility, health information literacy, content originality, source authority, and health concepts. Conclusion: The findings establish a hierarchical quality improvement framework, suggesting that targeted interventions focusing on the nine core factors can significantly enhance health information quality in social media ecosystems. This study provides both theoretical foundations and practical insights for multi-stakeholder collaborative governance in digital health communication.

The effective implementation of vaccination heavily depends on the society's willingness to pay (WTP). There is currently a dearth of comprehensive evidence about WTP for vaccines in China. This systematic review aims to review studies on the WTP for vaccines, to summarize factors affect WTP in China. Base-case analysis and Sensitivity analysis of WTP for every vaccine were estimated via single-arm Bayesian meta-analysis. A total of 28 studies were included for systematic review. The point estimates and 95% Credible Interval of pooled WTP for influenza and HPV (9-valent) vaccine were $27.409 (23.230, 31.486), $464.707 (441.355, 489.456). Influencing factors to WTP were age, income, peer influence, health condition and etc. Future research should give focus to improving sample representativeness and survey tool, conducting intervention trials, identifying effective methods to promote WTP.

Background: In the context of oropharyngeal cancer poised to impose a significant disease burden, this study conducted an economic evaluation of HPV vaccination in Chinese male adolescents for the prevention of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC-HPV+), by constructing a multi-state Markov model from the societal perspective.Methods: The model estimated the cost, effectiveness, and health utility of the bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent HPV vaccines in preventing OPC-HPV+. Incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was used to evaluate the economic viability of the vaccination strategies. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were employed to assess the model’s stability.Results: At a vaccine coverage rate of 70%, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of the bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines were all lower than the per capita GDP compared to no vaccination, indicating that the vaccination strategies are highly cost-effective. The nonavalent vaccine has the highest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, at 64,913.42 yuan ($9,211.86)/QALY. This strategy also has the highest cost, at 112.34 billion yuan, but it provides the best protection outcomes, preventing 2,545,988 cases of persistent HPV infection, 31,186 cases of OPC-HPV+, and 15,138 deaths, saving a total of 2,641,783 QALYs. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the discount rate, vaccine efficacy, HPV infection rate in the general population, and the probability of spontaneous clearance are the main factors affecting the pairwise comparison results of the strategies, which may lead to instability in the cost-effectiveness of the nonavalent vaccine.Conclusion: HPV vaccination for male adolescents to prevent oropharyngeal cancer is cost-effective compared to no vaccination. China could expand the coverage of the appropriate-priced HPV vaccine to male adolescents in order to reduce the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer, improve male health quality, and protect public health.