Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the articular eminence inclination and height and correlate these findings with the eminence shapes and degenerative condylar changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The assessments were established on CBCT images of 566 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) that were included from the computer database. Age and gender were recorded for all individuals. Degenerative changes were examined in the articular surface of the condyle. The articular eminence (AE) inclination and height measurements were performed on central parasagittal slices of the TMJ. The shape of the AE was classified as box, sigmoid, flattened, and deformed. Results: The prevalence of degenerative changes in the condyle was higher in males, but no significant difference was found (p ˃ 0.05). The AE inclination and height have a relation with gender and age groups. The AE inclination and height results were greater in males (p < 0.05). The reduced mean values of eminence inclination and height in the +50-year-old group were detected (p < 0.05). Sigmoid and box-shaped articular eminence morphologies were more common. The eminence with deformed-shaped was related to two or more degenerative alterations in the condylar head. Conclusion: The degenerative condylar changes can affect eminence inclination and height by mechanical loading and changed articular dynamics. Gender and age have a significant effect on the AE morphology. The articular eminence shape is influenced by combinations of two or more degenerative changes.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the vertical and horizontal dimensions, shape, anatomical location of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and the presence of accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) in adolescent and adult individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Additionally, it aimed to contribute to clinical applications and address the lack of data on the adolescent population in the literature. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 1,000 patients who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology between 2021 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 315 individuals (193 males, 122 females) who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The dimensions of the IOF, its distances to adjacent anatomical landmarks, its shape, and the presence of AIOF were evaluated. Results: In this study, IOF dimensions were larger in males, with the horizontal width greater on the right and the vertical height greater on the left. The most common IOF shape was circular, and accessory foramina were present in 31.6% of individuals, more frequently in males on the right. A statistically significant variation in the distance between the IOF and the midline (IOF-ML) with respect to age was observed on the right. Conclusions: Detailed knowledge of the IOF’s location, shape, and variations is crucial for preventing complications during surgical procedures, particularly infraorbital nerve blocks. The dimensions of the infraorbital foramen and its distances to anatomical landmarks in adolescents are generally similar to those in the adult population.

Purpose: Determining the anatomical localization and variations of the mandibular canal is of great importance in determining the treatment method to be preferred during the treatment of the patient and having an idea before surgery for possible complications. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the anatomy and variations of the mandibular canal using Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT). Materials&Methods: CBCT images obtained from 300 jaws of 300 patients, 168 of whom were female and 132 male, were used. The examined mandibular canals were divided into four groups as retromolar, anterior canal, dental and buccolingual canals. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Bifid duct was detected in 149(49.2%) of the patients, but trifid duct was not detected. 73 (48.99%) of bifid canals were detected on the right and 76 (50.01%) on the left. Considering the relationship between age and gender and the presence of mandibular canal variation, no statistically significant result was found according to the chi-square test.When the right-left distribution of the channel variations evaluated in the study was examined, no statistically significant relationship was observed.(p>0.005)(p=0.688) Conclusion: The prevalence of variation in the examined mandibular canals was found to be 49.66%. Anterior canal(35.6%) was most common, followed by retromolar canal(28.2%), dental canal(25.6%) and buccolingual canal(10.7%). According to the results obtained, the possibility of approximately 50 percent mandibular canal variation should be considered in prosthetic and surgical treatment interventions planned in the relevant regions.

Background/Objectives: Sinonasal anatomical variations, particularly Haller cells (HCs) and the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO), are critical structural factors that may increase surgical risks in dental and otorhinolaryngological (ENT) procedures and predispose individuals to chronic sinusitis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HCs, AMO dimensions, maxillary sinus ostium, and sinus pathologies using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, CBCT images of 443 patients (226 males, mean age 48.4 ± 15.4 years; 217 females, mean age 46.1 ± 15.2 years) were analyzed. The presence of HCs, AMO, ostium narrowing, and ostium obstruction were recorded, along with ostium dimensions. Relationships between these variations and sinus pathologies were statistically evaluated, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: HC prevalence was 34.5% on the right and 39.5% on the left, while AMO was present in 39.5% on the right and 34.5% on the left. Bilateral AMO was significantly associated with localized mucosal thickening, and partial opacification was more common in cases with ostium obstruction. Significant relationships were observed between HC presence and ostium narrowing. While HCs and ostium narrowing did not significantly influence maxillary sinus pathologies, sex (right OR = 0.335; left OR = 0.384; p < 0.001) and the AMO (right OR = 1.698, p = 0.018; left OR = 1.713, p = 0.014) were found to have a significant impact. Conclusions: It was concluded that (i) HCs may contribute to ostium narrowing and impaired sinus drainage, thereby increasing the risk of chronic sinusitis; (ii) the presence of a bilateral AMO is strongly associated with localized mucosal thickening; (iii) sex and the presence of an AMO emerge as independent predictors of maxillary sinus pathologies; and (iv) the careful evaluation of these anatomical variations using CBCT can support multidisciplinary treatment planning in both dental and ENT practice, enhance surgical safety, and help minimize postoperative complications.

Objectives: Cysts seen in the jaws may be odontogenic or non-odontogenic, depending on the tissue of origin. Although there are different methods to diagnose these lesions, histopathological examination of tissue biopsy of the lesion is accepted as the 'gold standard' in cases where the diagnosis is insufficient. Although there are different methods to diagnose these lesions, histopathological examination of tissue biopsy of the lesion is accepted as the 'gold standard' in cases where the diagnosis is insufficient. Materials and Methods: Pathology results of 436 patients who applied to Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic between 2016-2021 for any reason and underwent biopsy were retrospectively scanned using digital archives. While classifying the cyst, the criteria published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 were taken into account. Obtained results were recorded for statistical analysis. SPSS 22.0 Software Package Program (SPSS 22.0 Software Package Program, Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) was used as statistical software in the study. Results: Of the 436 patients included in the study, 250 (57.3%) were male and 186 (42.7%) were female. The ages of the patients ranged between 7 and 82 years, and the mean age of the patients was 35.5±15.8. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the most common cysts were radicular cysts (53.7%). Radicular cysts were most commonly located in the posterior mandible and anterior maxilla anatomically. Conclusions: In addition to clinical and radiological examination, histopathological examination of biopsy samples taken from tissues is of great importance in the correct diagnosis and treatment planning of jaw cysts.