In recent years, the rapid developments in artificial intelligence have also influenced dental education. Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly accessible through publicly available chatbots and are now being used in both medical and dental training. LLMs, which have attracted significant attention across various domains, are currently being utilized in medical and dental education.The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of LLM-based chatbots using questions from the Dentistry Specialization Entrance Examination (DUS), which is administered in Türkiye to assess the knowledge level of dental graduates. A total of 208 multiple-choice DUS questions were answered by seven LLMs. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was applied. Among the evaluated models, ChatGPT 4.0 achieved the highest accuracy (91.3%), followed by Copilot (87%) and Gemini (86.1%). ChatGPT 4.0 performed significantly better than all other LLMs (p < 0.05). In the image-based questions, the strongest performers were ChatGPT 4.0, Gemini, and Copilot, each achieving an accuracy rate of 63.6%. Although LLMs contribute substantially to dental education, their accuracy limitations in specific domains indicate that they should be used as complementary tools rather than standalone decision-makers.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the vertical and horizontal dimensions, shape, anatomical location of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and the presence of accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) in adolescent and adult individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Additionally, it aimed to contribute to clinical applications and address the lack of data on the adolescent population in the literature. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 1,000 patients who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology between 2021 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 315 individuals (193 males, 122 females) who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The dimensions of the IOF, its distances to adjacent anatomical landmarks, its shape, and the presence of AIOF were evaluated. Results: In this study, IOF dimensions were larger in males, with the horizontal width greater on the right and the vertical height greater on the left. The most common IOF shape was circular, and accessory foramina were present in 31.6% of individuals, more frequently in males on the right. A statistically significant variation in the distance between the IOF and the midline (IOF-ML) with respect to age was observed on the right. Conclusions: Detailed knowledge of the IOF’s location, shape, and variations is crucial for preventing complications during surgical procedures, particularly infraorbital nerve blocks. The dimensions of the infraorbital foramen and its distances to anatomical landmarks in adolescents are generally similar to those in the adult population.

Background/Objectives: Sinonasal anatomical variations, particularly Haller cells (HCs) and the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO), are critical structural factors that may increase surgical risks in dental and otorhinolaryngological (ENT) procedures and predispose individuals to chronic sinusitis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HCs, AMO dimensions, maxillary sinus ostium, and sinus pathologies using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, CBCT images of 443 patients (226 males, mean age 48.4 ± 15.4 years; 217 females, mean age 46.1 ± 15.2 years) were analyzed. The presence of HCs, AMO, ostium narrowing, and ostium obstruction were recorded, along with ostium dimensions. Relationships between these variations and sinus pathologies were statistically evaluated, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: HC prevalence was 34.5% on the right and 39.5% on the left, while AMO was present in 39.5% on the right and 34.5% on the left. Bilateral AMO was significantly associated with localized mucosal thickening, and partial opacification was more common in cases with ostium obstruction. Significant relationships were observed between HC presence and ostium narrowing. While HCs and ostium narrowing did not significantly influence maxillary sinus pathologies, sex (right OR = 0.335; left OR = 0.384; p < 0.001) and the AMO (right OR = 1.698, p = 0.018; left OR = 1.713, p = 0.014) were found to have a significant impact. Conclusions: It was concluded that (i) HCs may contribute to ostium narrowing and impaired sinus drainage, thereby increasing the risk of chronic sinusitis; (ii) the presence of a bilateral AMO is strongly associated with localized mucosal thickening; (iii) sex and the presence of an AMO emerge as independent predictors of maxillary sinus pathologies; and (iv) the careful evaluation of these anatomical variations using CBCT can support multidisciplinary treatment planning in both dental and ENT practice, enhance surgical safety, and help minimize postoperative complications.

Objective: One of the most frequently used anatomical landmarks on the skull as a marker in lateral cephalometric radiography is the sella turcica. Knowing the anatomical changes of this important region will make it easier to recognize a pathological change in the region. The aim of this study is to evaluate sella turcica variations using lateral cephalmetric radiography and to evaluate their distribution between gender and age groups. Methods: Orthodontic diagnostic records and initial cephalometric radiographs of 647 patients were determined as the study group. The length, height and width of the sella turcica were calculated using a digital ruler. Accordingly, the shapes and variations of the sella turcica are categorized as normal sella, posterior wall irregularity, bridging of the sella turcica, double contour of the base, oblique anterior wall and pyramidal shape of the dorsum sella. Results: The average length, height and width of the sella turcica in men were found to be 9.09±2.07 mm (millimeters), 7.93±1.33 mm and 10.82±2.18 mm, respectively. For women, the average length, height and width were determined as 8.4±1.83 mm, 7.96±1.44 mm and 10.07±2.05 mm, respectively. Normal sella in 48.8% (n=316) of the patients, irregularity in the posterior wall in 20.2% (n=131), pyramid in 10.4% (n=67), and pyramid in 8.2% (n=53), bridging of the sella turcica was detected in n=49), double contoured sella turcica variations were detected in 7.6% (n=49) and oblique shaped sella turcica variations were detected in 4.8% (n=31). Conclusion: An abnormal growth or decrease in sella turcica dimensions and morphological variations that can be observed in lateral cephalometric radiographs can provide early diagnosis of an anomaly or pathological condition that may occur in later stages of life.

The nasopalatine canal (NPC) shows considerable morphological variability and may be related to adjacent anatomical structures. The aim of this study was t

Amaç: Bu çalışma, diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastaların HPV ile oral ve orofaringeal kanser konusundaki farkındalık düzeylerini değerlendirmeyi ve yazılı eğitim materyali aracılığıyla bu farkındalığın artırılabilirliğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Gözlemsel, prospektif ve yarı deneysel olarak tasarlanan çalışmaya, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ne başvuran 154 gönüllü birey katılmıştır. Katılımcılara, eğitim öncesinde HPV ile oral ve orofaringeal kanser hakkında bir anket uygulanmış; ardından yazılı broşürle bilgilendirme yapılmış ve sonrasında aynı anket tekrar uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Eğitim öncesi toplam farkındalık puanı ortalaması 5.7±3.1 iken, eğitim sonrası 13.8±2.2’ye yükselmiştir. Eğitim sonrasında tüm sorularda doğru yanıt oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış saptanmıştır (p