More and more electric systems are embedded in today aircraft. As a result, the complexity of electrical power system design is increasing and the need of generic and efficient design methods is today required. Among numerous design tasks, the allocation of electric systems on the busbars of the electrical power system is considered as an important one since it has a direct impact on the aircraft mass. But due to the high number of possible allocations and regarding the large diversity of potential sizing cases for the equipments, finding the optimal allocation of electric loads is a hard task. In this paper, the problem is formalized mathematically. Then, four stochastic optimization methods are assessed on complex load allocation problems. Based on this assessment, a genetic algorithm using niching method is considered as the most appropriate algorithm for solving this aircraft design problem.

Icephobic materials and systems are highly desired in regions and seasons where daily life activities are hindered by the presence of ice. The combination of icephobic materials with active de‐icing systems, known as hybrid systems, is a promising way to optimize efficiency in ice removal, while reducing power consumption. However, the development of hybrid systems is limited by their lifespan and the incompatibility of most icephobic materials with the operating mode of the active system. Here we present a hybrid system comprising a gradient polymer coating deposited with initiated chemical vapor deposition and a resonant piezoelectric de‐icing system. The de‐icing performance is evaluated in an icing wind tunnel, where the system is capable of detaching ice blocks in less than 1 s, regardless the ice type and covered area. An in‐depth ice detachment study confirms that ice adhesion reduction is an intrinsic property of the coating, independent from external factors. The nanometric nature of the coating enables efficient operation of the resonant de‐icing systems. The coating shows outstanding durability against the de‐icing cycles, abrasion, water erosion, and delamination. The results showcase the hybrid systems potential in real‐world applications to contrast icing.