Endometrial cancer (EC) is a complex gynecologic malignancy that requires a deeper understanding of its molecular basis to improve therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of fatty acid (FA) reprogramming in the progression of EC. We analyzed FA profiles to identify the stage-specific changes and gene expression profiles of key enzymes involved in FA synthesis, desaturation, elongation, transport, and oxidation at different stages of EC. Our results show that EC tissues have lower levels of saturated FA and branched-chain FA, higher levels of very long-chain FA, n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), and monounsaturated FA, with the exception of myristoleic acid. The differences in n-6 PUFA were inconsistent. Gene expression analysis revealed the upregulation of key enzymes controlling de novo FA synthesis, including ACACA, FASN, SCD1, and ELOVL1. In contrast, the expression of genes related to FA transport in the cell and β-oxidation was downregulated. The expression of some genes related to PUFA metabolism was upregulated, while others were downregulated. These results demonstrate a reprogramming of lipid metabolism in EC tissues and suggest potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions in EC.

The greater omentum, often described as a “plaster” of the abdominal cavity, exhibits remarkable regenerative and immunological properties. Its unique morphology—rich vasculature and a diverse cellular composition comprising adipocytes, endothelial cells, and leukocyte aggregates known as milky spots (MS)—facilitates immune surveillance, fluid uptake, and the secretion of neurotransmitters. Additionally, MS contribute to peritoneal immunity by capturing pathogens, promoting lymphocyte proliferation, and releasing cytokines and chemokines that recruit effector immune cells while limiting local inflammation. Structurally, this peritoneal extension shields visceral organs, prevents adhesions, and absorbs tumor secretions, yet paradoxically also provides a niche for metastatic spread. Moreover, the greater omentum is susceptible to various pathologies—vascular steal can deprive organs of blood, torsion and herniation threaten tissue viability, and ossification can transform the greater omentum into a rigid structure lacking protective properties. Notably, omentectomy has been associated with weakened antibacterial defense, underscoring its protective role. This review aims to explore the multifaceted nature of the greater omentum, emphasizing both its physiological benefits and the potential disadvantages associated with its alteration or removal.

Background: Pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) involves lipid infiltration, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which drive calcification of the aortic valve and progression to heart failure (HF). Fatty acids (FAs) play a crucial role in these processes. A treatment option for severe symptomatic AS in elderly and high-risk patients is transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Objective: To investigate the change in FA profiles in patients undergoing TAVI. Methods: This single-center prospective study included 25 patients with severe AS qualified for TAVI procedure. Blood samples were collected before TAVI and after six months. FA profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry. Results: Notable changes were identified in FA profiles, including a reduction in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (117 ± 48.0 µM vs. 141 ± 53.0 µM, p = 0.001) and an increase in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) concentration (32.8 ± 12.3 µM vs. 19.9 ± 6.40 µM, p = 0.003) six months post-TAVI. Additionally, significant elevations were noted in specific medium-chain FAs (C12) and branched-chain fatty acids (iso C16, iso C17 and anteiso C15, anteiso C17) at six months after TAVI. However, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) levels decreased (p = 0.039), while n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6 PUFA) levels exhibited no significant overall change at this time point. Decrease in mean pressure gradient (PG) was negatively correlated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA n3) and n3 PUFA levels in a six-month observation. Conclusions: Our results underscore the complex interplay between cardiac intervention and FA changes, providing novel insights into the metabolic impact of TAVI on FAs serum profile.