Background/Objectives: The aging population faces a multitude of health challenges, particularly when it comes to maintaining proper nutrition. Age-related physiological changes, such as decreased metabolism, diminished taste perception, and difficulty in chewing, can lead to insufficient nutrient intake, ultimately resulting in malnutrition. It is crucial to address these issues to promote not only physical health but also overall well-being. In this modern era, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including robots and machine learning algorithms, are being increasingly harnessed to encourage healthy eating habits among older adults. This is critical to support healthy aging and mitigate diet-related chronic diseases. However, little or no synthesis has established their effectiveness in delivering personalized, scalable, and adaptive interventions for older adults. This systematic review considers the state-of-the-art application of AI-based interventions aimed at improving dietary behaviors and nutritional outcomes in older adults. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and a registered PROSPERO protocol (ID: CRD420241045268), we systematically analyzed 30 studies we collected from five databases, published between 2015 and 2025 based on different AI techniques, including machine learning, natural language processing, and recommender systems. We synthesized data collected from these studies to examine the intervention types, outcomes, and methodological approaches. Results: Findings from our review highlight the potential of AI-based interventions to promote engagement among older adults and improve adherence to healthy eating guidelines. Additionally, we found some challenges related to ethical concerns such as privacy and transparency, and limited evidence of their long-term effectiveness. Conclusions: AI-based interventions offer significant promise in promoting healthy eating among older adults through personalized, adaptive, and scalable interventions. Yet, current evidence is constrained by some methodological limitations and ethical concerns, which calls for future research to design inclusive, evidence-based AI interventions that address the unique physiological, psychological, and social needs of older adults.

Aim: The nutritional quality of foods consumed by infants and young children to complement breastfeeding or formula feeding influences growth and development. The aim of this study was to identify the dietary intake of Indigenous infants and young children in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort, and evaluate the nutritional adequacy of their intake compared with Australian recommendations.Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using diet recalls at approximately 9‐, 12‐ and 24‐month visits. Nutrient values of foods were obtained from AUSNUT 2011‐13 and nutrient intake compared to the Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Foods were categorised into food groups and intakes compared to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating.Results: A total of 206 infants and young children were included in the study. Of these, 95 individual children had dietary data collected between 7.6 and 24.7 months. Infant formula and breastfeeding rates were highest among infants (70% and 20%, respectively). Cow's milk intake was highest among young children (75%).Infants and young children in the cohort met most macro‐ and micronutrient intake recommendations. Few young children met recommendation for iron (42%), no infant met recommendation for omega‐3 fatty acids and almost all exceeded recommendation for sodium. Most young children met daily dairy and fruit recommendations although intake of discretionary foods was high.Conclusions: This study found that diets of Indigenous infants and young children met most key nutrient reference targets. Potential target areas that require dietary optimisation have been identified and will be the focus of community‐led strategies in adequate infant nutrition promotion.

Objective: Indigenous infants are disproportionately more likely to have negative outcomes compared to non-Indigenous infants with suboptimal nutrition in the first 1000 d playing a major role. This review aimed to systematically assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to optimise dietary intake and/or nutrition-related behaviours among Indigenous infants globally and to identify whether Indigenous populations were involved in the co-design of the intervention.Design: Articles published before June 2020 that reported nutrition-related interventions and outcomes for Indigenous infants were identified from a database search. Data extracted included study aims and design, target population, geographical location, the health condition of the participants, intervention characteristics and outcomes. A narrative synthesis consisting of effects and acceptability of the interventions and involvement of participants in the study design were highlighted.Settings: Population-based intervention studies that focused on improving dietary intakes and/or nutrition-related behaviours of Indigenous infants in the first 1000 d of life were included in this review.Results: Of the 2784 studies identified, three studies met the inclusion criteria. These were conducted among two Indigenous tribes in Guatemala and the USA. Two studies reported the food and nutrient intake of participants with one study showing an improvement in dietary intake of the infants. Only one study reported community participation in the study design, intervention design and implementation, and acceptability of the intervention by the participants.Conclusion: Engaging Indigenous communities throughout the entire process of nutrition interventions could have beneficial effects through improved outcomes in the first 1000 d of life.

To determine the levels of soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) in women carrying Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) babies and investigate whether s(P)RR levels change in women who have complicated pregnancies. Cross-sectional analysis of data (2010-2018). Data/samples were from the Gomeroi Gaaynggal Study, a longitudinal cohort study based on Gomeroi/Kamilaroi lands (Tamworth), NSW, Australia. Third trimester samples (blood/urine) were collected from pregnant women carrying a First Nations baby (N = 188). Plasma s(P)RR and markers of kidney function (plasma: creatinine, urea and cystatin C; urinary: creatinine, protein, albumin, angiotensinogen, nephrin and Na/K) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or standardised pathology procedures as needed. Soluble (P)RR was detected in plasma of women in the cohort (median: 19.86 ng/mL; IQR: 12.52-26.8). Soluble (P)RR levels correlated positively with maternal plasma creatinine (P = 0.0001) and gestational age in the third trimester (P = 0.002). Levels of s(P)RR tended to positively correlate with urinary protein/creatinine (P = 0.04) and nephrin/creatinine (P = 0.03). Soluble (P)RR levels tended to be higher in women who birthed prematurely (P = 0.06). Soluble (P)RR levels did not change with other pregnancy complications or outcomes (preeclampsia, GDM or small or large for gestational age birth). Soluble (P)RR is present in the plasma of pregnant women carrying First Nations babies and is correlated with known urinary biomarkers of renal function. Increased maternal s(P)RR levels may be associated with increased risk of preterm birth.