Background: Dermatological emergencies are critical conditions requiring immediate attention due to their potential to escalate into life-threatening scenarios. Accurate diagnosis and timely management are essential to prevent severe complications, including systemic involvement and mortality. This systematic review summarizes findings on dermatological emergencies in emergency departments (EDs), focusing on diagnostic accuracy, hospitalization rates, systemic complications, and management strategies. Methods: A systematic literature review of studies on dermatological emergencies was conducted, encompassing 24 prospective and retrospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and descriptive analyses. The review included diverse patient populations, examining dermatological presentations, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, hospitalization rates, and adverse outcomes. Key outcome measures such as diagnostic accuracy, complications, mortality rates, and re-visit frequencies were analyzed. Results: The studies revealed high diagnostic accuracy, particularly in in-person evaluations, with teledermatology showing slightly lower but reliable rates. Systemic complications, including severe drug reactions, bacterial infections, and autoimmune diseases, were common causes of hospitalization. Mortality rates varied, with conditions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis showing the highest risk. Hospitalization rates averaged 4.52%, and re-visit rates ranged from 1% to 6.5%. The results also highlighted the impact of environmental factors and seasonal trends on dermatological presentations. Conclusions: Dermatological emergencies pose significant challenges in emergency care. High diagnostic accuracy and effective management strategies are crucial in preventing severe outcomes. Timely diagnosis, careful management of systemic complications, and teledermatology play critical roles in improving care. Future research should focus on standardized management protocols, telemedicine applications, and the influence of environmental and demographic factors to enhance patient outcomes.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder requiring appropriate first aid during seizures. This study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of Al-Baha region residents in Saudi Arabia regarding epilepsy first aid. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 830 residents aged 18 and above in the Al-Baha region. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and surveyed using a validated online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, epilepsy-related knowledge and perceptions of first aid. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests and Student’s t-tests were used to evaluate the data, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Analysis revealed significant gaps in knowledge and varying attitudes towards epilepsy first aid among the participants. Key findings included that 52.7% of participants personally knew a patient with epilepsy, 62.5% believed a child could be in an epileptic attack and go undetected and 41.4% thought epilepsy is a lifelong disorder. Only 42.3% knew how to manage a child during an epileptic attack, and 12.3% had a high level of overall epilepsy knowledge. Nearly all participants (94.3%) believed first aid is important in epilepsy, and 90.8% thought the community lacked first aid awareness. While 60.5% had high knowledge about epilepsy first aid, significant misconceptions persisted. Conclusion: The study underscores the need for targeted educational programmes to improve knowledge and attitudes regarding epilepsy first aid in the Al-Baha region. Implementing programmes in schools, public health and communities support epilepsy awareness, reducing stigma.

Background: A chronic inflammatory skin ailment marked by pruritus and eczematous lesions, atopic dermatitis (AD) greatly lowers patient quality of life. Alternatives to corticosteroids have surfaced in nonsteroidal topical medicines such crisaborole and tapinarof, which provide focused anti-inflammatory effects with fewer general adverse effects. Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess and contrast the safety and efficacy profiles of crisaborole and tapinarof in the management of mild to moderate AD. Methodology: A search of several databases produced 510 studies, after removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 24 studies including a pooled sample of 8,218 patients (average age 17.5 years) were included. Using the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), efficacy outcomes were evaluated; safety was based on incidence of adverse events. Results: Among 1,164 patients receiving crisaborole, 61% (95% CI: 44-76%) achieved ISGA 0-1; 49% (95% CI: 43-55%) in the tapinarof group having no statistically significant difference (Chi=1.70, P=0.192). Similarly, 60% (95% CI: 55-65%) of crisaborole patients and 66% (95% CI: 53-82%) of those on tapinarof showed EASI improvement with no significant variation (Chi=1.11, P=0.293). Overall, 45% reported side effects (95% CI: 31-60%); comparable between crisaborole (38%) and tapinarof (62%) (Chi=1.03, P=0.309). Rare severe events and therapy discontinuation occurred for both drugs. Conclusion: Mild to moderate AD may be effectively and safely managed with either crisaborole or tapinarof. With no major efficacy or safety differences, treatment choice can be guided by patient preference, tolerability, and clinical context.