The purpose of this study was to explore and verify genes that regulate the reproductive traits of Tibetan pigs at the mRNA level. The ovarian tissues of Tibetan pigs (TPs) and Yorkshire pigs (YPs) were selected as research objects, and cDNA libraries of the ovarian tissue transcripts of Tibetan pigs and Yorkshire pigs were successfully constructed by the RNA-Seq technique. A total of 651 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, including 414 up-regulated genes and 237 down-regulated genes. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cell process, reproductive process, reproduction, cell proliferation, binding, and catalytic activity, as well as oxidative phosphorylation, endocrine resistance, thyroid hormone, Notch, and other signal transduction pathways. Genes significantly enriched in pathways closely related to reproductive regulation were analyzed and selected, and the AR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, INHBA, ARRB2, EGFR, ETS1, HSD17B1, IGF1R, MIF, SCARB1, and SMAD4 genes were identified as important candidate genes. Twelve differentially expressed genes related to reproduction were verified by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of the AR, CYP17A1, EGFR, ETS1, IGF1R, and SMAD4 genes was significantly higher in Tibetan pigs than in Yorkshire pigs, while the expression of the CYP11A1, INHBA, ARRB2, HSD17B, MIF, and SCARB1 genes in Tibetan pigs was significantly lower than in Yorkshire pigs. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the molecular mechanism of reproductive trait effect genes and the application of molecular breeding in Tibetan pigs.

Ecological sustainable development is of great importance in the present age. The traditional free-range feeding mode of Tibetan aromatic pigs in Tibet is gradually being replaced by a semi-housed feeding mode due to the development of modern economic industry. In this study, we analysed the physicochemical properties and microbial composition of the soil under the original ecological environment and semi-housed feeding mode. The study revealed that the activities of Tibetan balsam pigs resulted in the disruption of the original shallow ecological structure of the soil, while the presence of faeces led to an increase in bacterial flora and the spoilage of fodder. Furthermore, the soil under the semi-housed mode exhibited an accumulation of nitrogen, potassium and organic carbon in the shallow layer. The abundance of species was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the original soil environment. At the soil's gate level, the abundances of Proteobacteria ( 31.05% and 32.33%), Bacteroidota (10.48% and 24.90%), and Firmicutes (38.32% and 4.31%) were higher. In contrast, the abundances of Chloroflexi (0.63% and 1.78%), Verrucomicrobiota (0.64% and 1.9 2%), and Planctomycetota (0.82% and 2.67%) were lower. At the level one Metabolism pathway, the Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, Lipid metabolism and Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were significantly different (P< 0.05). Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites were highly significantly different (P< 0.01). In conclusion, the results of this experiment have demonstrated the significant impact of the semi-enclosed mode on the shallow soil layer. In order to facilitate targeted adjustments for later soil ecological restoration or sustainable use, it is crucial to consider the soil's physicochemical properties and microbial structure.

This study investigated the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) in Tibetan pigs. Nasal swabs and lung tissue samples were collected, from which hyperv