Purpose: This paper presents our team’s results to establish an AIoT smart cage culture management system. Methods: According to the built system, the farmed field information is transmitted to the data platform of Ocean Cloud, and all collected data and analysis results can be applied to the cage culture field after the bigdata analysis. Results: This management system successfully integrates AI and IoT technologies and is applied in cage culture. Using underwater biological analysis images and AI feeding as examples, this paper explains how the system integrates AI and IoT into a feasible framework that can constantly acquire information about the health status of fish, survival rate of fish, as well as the feed residuals. Conclusion: The results of our research enable the aquaculture operators or owners to efficiently reduce the feed residual, monitor the growth of fish, and increase fish survival rate, thereby increasing the feed conversion rate.

To determine the relationships between exposure to environmental contaminants in water and chronic kidney disease (CKD), we investigated the associations of 61 water attributes with the prevalence of CKD and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) using data from 2005 to 2011 from all 22 counties and cities in the main island of Taiwan. We acquired patient information from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database to calculate the age-standardized CKD and ESRD prevalence rates and linked the patients’ residences to the water quality monitoring data, which were sampled periodically for a total of over 45,000 observations obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Water Quality Information Database. The association analysis adjusting for gender, age, and annual effects showed that the zinc (Zn), ammonia, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and dissolved oxygen in rivers were weakly correlated with CKD (τ = 0.268/0.250/0.238/−0.267, p = 6.01×10⁻⁶/2.52×10⁻⁵/6.05×10⁻⁵/3.30×10⁻⁵, respectively), but none for ESRD. The importances of Zn and COD in rivers were also demonstrated in a CKD regression model. Moreover, an unusually high CKD prevalence was related to arsenic contamination in groundwater. A further prospective cohort study would improve our understanding of what level of environmental water with risky properties could affect the development of CKD.

This study uses radio-frequency sputtering methods to deposit lead titanate thin films with different contents of Ca on $\mathrm{Pt}∕\mathrm{Ti}∕\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_2∕\mathrm{Si}$ substrates to form ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_x\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_3$ (PCT) thin films. The PCT thin films contained different amounts of Ca in order to examine the influence of the Ca content on the properties of thin films. Analysis of the electrical properties of the PCT thin films revealed that their relative permittivities, dissipation factors, and pyroelectric coefficients tend to increase with the Ca content. On the other hand, the coercive field and remnant polarization decreased with an increase in the Ca content. In addition, the measured data indicated that the figure of merit for voltage $\left(F_v\right)$ and the figure of merit for detectivity $\left(F_D\right)$ of a PCT (30) thin film are the highest with values of $0.033{\mathrm{m}}^2{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}$ and $0.862\times {10}^{-6}{\left({\mathrm{m}}^3{\mathrm{J}}^{-1}\right)}^{1∕2}$ , respectively. Therefore, the PCT (30) thin film was evaluated as the best composition for manufacturing pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors. PCT thin films were also used to fabricate thermal PIR sensors by surface machining technology. The detectivity measurement showed that the PIR sensor with PCT (30) thin films has the highest value of $D^{*}$ $(1.29\times {10}^7\mathrm{cm}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{1∕2}∕\mathrm{W})$ at $0.3\mathrm{Hz}$ .

This study presents a new intelligent aquatic farming surveillance system that tackles real-time monitoring challenges in the industry. The main technical break-throughs of this system are evident in four key aspects: First, it achieves the smooth integration of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), sensors, and real-time data transmission. Second, it uses a mobile communication architecture with buoy relay stations for distributed edge computing. This design supports future upgrades to Beyond 5G and satellite networks for deep-sea applications. Third, it features a multi-terminal control system that supports computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and centralized hubs, effectively enabling monitoring anytime, anywhere. Fourth, it incorporates a cost-effective modular design, utilizing commercial hardware and innovative system integration solutions, making it particularly suitable for farms with limited resources. The data indicates that the system’s 4G connection is both stable and reliable, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of data transmission success rates, control command response delays, and endurance. It has successfully processed 324,800 data transmission events, thoroughly validating its reliability in real-world production environments. This system integrates advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, mobile communications, and multi-access control, which not only significantly enhance the precision oversight capabilities of marine farming but also feature a modular design that allows for future expansion into satellite communications. Notably, the system reduces operating costs while simultaneously improving aquaculture efficiency, offering a practical and intelligent solution for small farmers in resource-limited areas.

One of the most promising techniques for manufacturing low-cost solar cells is a solution processing method. In this study, it is proposed that solution-grown ZnO nanorods (NRs) are used as antireflection coatings on metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) solar cells with sol-gel SiO₂. Except Al electrodes prepared by thermal evaporation, no other vacuum process was utilized during fabrication. The ZnO NRs were produced with a hydrothermal method and suppressed Fresnel reflection. With the solution-grown ZnO NRs, it was observed the average reflectance of the MIS solar cell decreased from 38.7% to 15.8%, and the short circuit density (J_SC) increased from 5.22 mA/cm² to 6.71 mA/cm² (28.4% enhancement). Meanwhile, the open circuit voltage (V_OC) was improved from 0.39 V to 0.47 V owing to a passivation effect. The MIS solar cell with the ZnO NRs exhibited a 35.5% efficiency enhancement compared to that without ZnO NRs. The performance improvement in MIS solar cells with ZnO NRs could be due to multiple reflections of an incident light between the vertically arranged NRs, and then light coupling into the cell. The results show a potential application of ZnO NRs for the performance enhancement of MIS solar cells.