This study presents a new intelligent aquatic farming surveillance system that tackles real-time monitoring challenges in the industry. The main technical break-throughs of this system are evident in four key aspects: First, it achieves the smooth integration of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), sensors, and real-time data transmission. Second, it uses a mobile communication architecture with buoy relay stations for distributed edge computing. This design supports future upgrades to Beyond 5G and satellite networks for deep-sea applications. Third, it features a multi-terminal control system that supports computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and centralized hubs, effectively enabling monitoring anytime, anywhere. Fourth, it incorporates a cost-effective modular design, utilizing commercial hardware and innovative system integration solutions, making it particularly suitable for farms with limited resources. The data indicates that the system’s 4G connection is both stable and reliable, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of data transmission success rates, control command response delays, and endurance. It has successfully processed 324,800 data transmission events, thoroughly validating its reliability in real-world production environments. This system integrates advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, mobile communications, and multi-access control, which not only significantly enhance the precision oversight capabilities of marine farming but also feature a modular design that allows for future expansion into satellite communications. Notably, the system reduces operating costs while simultaneously improving aquaculture efficiency, offering a practical and intelligent solution for small farmers in resource-limited areas.

The evolution of mobile communication technologies from 4G networks to BEYOND 5G low-orbit satellite communications, along with the introduction of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in 3GPP Release 17, is fostering rapid advancements in satellite communications. This progress is particularly beneficial for maritime communications and aquatic monitoring, which are now embracing new technological opportunities. This research proposes an innovative smart ocean and aquaculture monitoring system that integrates multiple remote control systems and mobile communication technologies at its core. The system effectively utilizes existing 4G mobile communication networks while maintaining a flexible architecture for future upgrades to BEYOND 5G low-orbit satellite communication networks, ensuring stable communication in deep-sea environments. The system supports operation through various platforms, including computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and multi-site central control centers, significantly enhancing user operational flexibility and monitoring efficiency. To implement this architecture, the research developed a Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle (ROV) system specifically designed for real-time monitoring of aquaculture and marine environments. This system combines microcontroller units (MCUs) and Raspberry Pi as core controllers, equipped with underwater cameras and multifunctional water quality sensors, achieving seamless integration of multiple communication interfaces and control methods. Field test results demonstrate that the system's architecture for multiple remote control and mobile communication integration exhibits excellent operational performance and communication stability in various real-world settings, including the Gongliao Aquatic Center, the National Taiwan Ocean University boat dock, large-scale cage nets in Pingtung offshore waters, and Xuejia fish ponds. Through real-time image transmission and sensor data collection, the system enhances the accuracy and efficiency of water quality monitoring. This research pioneers new development directions for smart aquaculture in Taiwan and other resource-limited regions, demonstrating the practical value of integrating multiple remote control systems with mobile communication technologies.