Simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers is essential for effective cancer screening. Taking ovarian cancer as an example, the combined detection of CA125 and HE4 has proven to be the most efficient and accurate among multiple biomarker combinations. In this study, we proposed a dual immunosensor based on weak value amplification (WVA) to detect ovarian cancer. By modifying the sensor surface through a self-assembled monolayer technique and utilizing recombinant protein G for antibody enrichment and directional capture, the sensor enables high-precision, simultaneous detection of CA125 and HE4, with detection limits of 5.39 U/mL and 1.79 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates excellent specificity, effectively distinguishing target analytes from non-target molecules. This study provides a novel approach for early cancer screening and clinical diagnosis, highlighting the potential of WVA-based immunosensors in ovarian cancer detection.

Currently, the world is facing the problem of bacterial resistance, which threatens public health, and bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) plays an important role in biomedicine, dietary safety and aquaculture. Traditional AST methods take a long time, usually 16–24 h, and cannot meet the demand for rapid diagnosis in the clinic, so rapid AST methods are needed to shorten the detection time. In this study, by using an in-house built centrifuge to centrifuge bacteria in a liquid medium onto the inner wall of the bottom surface of a counting plate, and using a phase contrast microscope to track bacterial growth under the effect of different antibiotic concentrations, the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteria under the effect of antibiotics can be obtained in as early as 4 h. We used a combination of E. coli and tigecycline and obtained MIC results that were consistent with those obtained using the gold standard broth micro-dilution method, demonstrating the validity of our method; due to the time advantage, the complete set can be used in the future for point of care and clinical applications, helping physicians to quickly obtain the MIC used to inhibit bacterial growth.

Biomolecule detection is pivotal in disease diagnosis. In this study, we present a novel aptamer–antibody sandwich module integrated with an imaging weak measurement system to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of biomolecule detection. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using CA125. CA125 is a glycoprotein tumor marker widely used for ovarian cancer diagnosis and monitoring, with its level changes closely associated with disease progression. Given its clinical significance, developing highly sensitive and specific CA125 detection methods is crucial for precision medicine. The dual-recognition mechanism combines the high affinity of aptamers and the specificity of antibodies, significantly improving detection performance while utilizing antibodies for signal amplification. In the presence of CA125, the anti-CA125 aptamer immobilized on the chip surface captures the target, which is then specifically bound by the CA125 antibody, forming the aptamer–CA125–antibody complex. This interaction induces a change in the refractive index of the chip surface, which is detected by the imaging weak measurement system and ultimately manifested as a variation in light intensity in the resulting images. The method achieves the highly sensitive detection of CA125 in the 0.01 mU/mL range to 100 U/mL, with preliminary results showing a detection resolution of 3.98 μU/mL and high specificity against non-target proteins. Additionally, detecting CA125 in serum samples further validates the feasibility of the method’s applicability in complex biological matrices. The proposed method offers significant advantages, including high sensitivity, high specificity, label-free, multiplexed detection, low cost, and real-time detection, making it a promising platform for bio-molecule detection with a wide range of applications.

The demand for accurate and efficient immunoassays calls for the development of precise, high-throughput analysis methods. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a weak measurement interface sensor for immunoassays, offering a solution for high throughput analysis. Weak measurement is a precise quantum measurement method that amplifies the weak value of a system in the weak interaction through appropriate pre- and post-selection states. To facilitate the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, we have developed a chip with six flow channels capable of conducting six immunoassays concurrently. We can perform real-time immunoassay to determine the binding characteristics of spike protein and antibody through real-time analysis of the flow channel images and calculating the relative intensity. The proposed method boasts a simple structure, eliminating the need for intricate nano processes. The spike protein concentration and relative intensity curve were fitted using the Log-Log fitting regression equation, and R² was 0.91. Utilizing a pre-transformation approach to account for slight variations in detection sensitivity across different flow channels, the present method achieves an impressive limit of detection(LOD) of 0.85 ng/mL for the SARS-CoV-2 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, with a system standard deviation of 5.61. Furthermore, this method has been successfully verified for monitoring molecular-specific binding processes and differentiating binding capacities.

Accurate measurement of the glycoprotein antigen CA125 is critical for early detection of ovarian cancer, given its widespread recognition as an FDA-approved tumor biomarker. In this study, we developed a total reflective biosensor based on imaging weak measurement, utilizing aptamers as the key recognition element for CA125 detection. Leveraging the aptamer's attributes of high stability, simple synthesis, and easy modification, we employed a polydopamine membrane modification technique to immobilize the aminated aptamer onto the prism surface. The label-free aptasensor was evaluated through light intensity measurements, demonstrating a detection range from 0.1 U/mL to 200 U/mL and achieving a notable resolution of 0.083 U/mL. In addition, the method specifically recognizes CA125 without interference from other proteins. In conclusion, the imaging weak measurement-based aptamer biosensor offers a straightforward, rapid, highly sensitive, and cost-effective approach for detecting CA125 in practical applications.