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Climate change impacts are amplified in cities due to the urban heat island effect and the high population density. Information about the intra-urban temperature patterns is therefore crucial to support resilient city planning. Within the ACRP funded project LUCRETIA, the intra-urban temperature patterns in Vienna, Austria, are investigated using urban climate models (MUKLIMO_3, PALM-4U) and data from citizen weather stations.
While the density of conventional weather station networks is usually too low to capture the temperature patterns in cities and to assess urban climate model results, citizen weather stations provide a dense monitoring network, especially in cities. In Vienna, more than 1000 citizen weather stations from the company Netatmo are available for our study period in August 2018, after the quality control. First investigations showed, that air temperature measurements from citizen weather stations are in good agreement with measurements from conventional stations. The observed differences are attributed to the different locations of the stations and micro-scale effects. A preliminary comparison of citizen weather station data with urban climate model results from MUKLIMO_3 for Vienna revealed for some of the stations similar patterns as the comparison between conventional stations and model results: a reasonably good agreement during the day, after model initialization, and a temperature overestimation at night. Within LUCRETIA we are assessing in more detail the model results (MUKLIMO_3, PALM-4U) for a three day period in August 2018, thereby looking at the effect of the different land-use classes within the city. In addition, we will investigate whether similar spatial temperature patterns are identified when using urban climate models and data from citizen weather stations.
Claudia Hahn; Sandro Oswald; Brigitta Hollosi; Robert Goler; Astrid Kainz; Maja Zuvela-Aloise. Assessing urban climate model results with crowd-sourced data. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleClaudia Hahn, Sandro Oswald, Brigitta Hollosi, Robert Goler, Astrid Kainz, Maja Zuvela-Aloise. Assessing urban climate model results with crowd-sourced data. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Hahn; Sandro Oswald; Brigitta Hollosi; Robert Goler; Astrid Kainz; Maja Zuvela-Aloise. 2021. "Assessing urban climate model results with crowd-sourced data." , no. : 1.
Wind speed is one of the key parameter affecting human thermal comfort: high wind speed during winter and low wind speed during summer may exacerbate respectively cold and heat stress. In urban areas, where more than 50% of the world population is currently living, the wind field is strongly affected by the size and the organization of the obstacles (mainly buildings and trees). Simple and quick estimation of the wind speed and direction in an urban setting could then be an interesting information for urban planning purpose. To calculate a high resolution three-dimensional wind field in an urban setting, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models are mostly used. They usually solve advection and turbulence equations by an iterative process which is too long for most of the urban planning applications. To reduce this time, Röckle (1990) proposed:
At our knowledge, at least two models have been developed using this approach: QUIC-URB (Brown et al. 2018) and the second is part of the SkyHelios software (Fröhlich and Matzarakis, 2018). However: (i) none of these softwares are open-source (i.e. source code is not freely available), it is then rather complicated to propose scientific improvements and (ii) none of them are integrated in a commonly used GIS-based urban planning tool which would popularize their use by urban planners.
Our presentation will focus on the development of our tool called URock, an open-source application of the Röckle methodology. If the results produced by this tool are consistent with observation, it should be included in QGIS (a commonly used urban planning GIS) through the plug-in UMEP (Lindberg et al. 2017).
References
Brown, Michael John. Quick Urban and Industrial Complex (QUIC) CBR Plume Modeling System: Validation-Study Document. No. LA-UR-18-29993. Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States), 2018.
Fröhlich, Dominik, and Andreas Matzarakis. "Spatial estimation of thermal indices in Urban Areas—Basics of the SkyHelios Model." Atmosphere 9.6 (2018): 209.
Lindberg F, Grimmond CSB, Gabey A, Huang B, Kent CW, Sun T, Theeuwes N, Järvi L, Ward H, Capel-Timms I, Chang YY, Jonsson P, Krave N, Liu D, Meyer D, Olofson F, Tan JG, Wästberg D, Xue L, Zhang Z (2018) Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor (UMEP) - An integrated tool for city-based climate services. Environmen tal Modelling and Software.99, 70-87 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.020
Röckle, R., 1990: Bestimmung der Strömungsverhältnisse im Bereich komplexer Bebauungsstruk-turen. PhD thesis Fachbereich Mechanik der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt Darmstadt.
Jérémy Bernard; Fredrik Lindberg; Sandro Oswald. Urban wind field calculation through the Röckle based method: the basics for a GIS implementation. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJérémy Bernard, Fredrik Lindberg, Sandro Oswald. Urban wind field calculation through the Röckle based method: the basics for a GIS implementation. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJérémy Bernard; Fredrik Lindberg; Sandro Oswald. 2021. "Urban wind field calculation through the Röckle based method: the basics for a GIS implementation." , no. : 1.
As the majority of the population live in cities, it is important to understand the urban climate and how it can change in the future. Accordingly, the ACRP-funded project LUCRETIA investigates how land use and land cover determine local climate characteristics within cities in Austria.
Historical land use data has been obtained for Graz and Vienna for a number of years and used as input into the microscale urban climate model MUKLIMO_3 to simulate both cities in conditions representing a typical summer day. In conjunction with the cuboid method, climate indices such as the average number of summer and hot days per year have been calculated to establish how the heat load changes from one year to another. Differences in the heat load have been related to changes in the land use focusing on (i) the change that occurs in situ and (ii) the change that occurs in the neighbourhood.
It is shown that land use categories can be ordered according to their heat load, with categories containing larger amounts of greenery generally having lower heat loads. With the land use categories sorted in such a way, it enables a relatively quick assessment to be made of the effect of replacing one land use category with another, without having to employ expensive modelling tools. Furthermore, it is shown that land-use changes not only affect the heat load of the changed area in situ, but also the neighbourhood around where the change was made. This demonstrates that land-use changes may have a broader spatial impact than initially anticipated. The results from this study can serve as guidance for city planners regarding future land use and land cover changes.
Robert Goler; Maja Žuvela-Aloise; Sandro Oswald; Brigitta Holllósi; Claudia Hahn; Astrid Kainz. Investigating the effect of land-use change on the heat load within two Austrian cities. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRobert Goler, Maja Žuvela-Aloise, Sandro Oswald, Brigitta Holllósi, Claudia Hahn, Astrid Kainz. Investigating the effect of land-use change on the heat load within two Austrian cities. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Goler; Maja Žuvela-Aloise; Sandro Oswald; Brigitta Holllósi; Claudia Hahn; Astrid Kainz. 2021. "Investigating the effect of land-use change on the heat load within two Austrian cities." , no. : 1.
Extreme heat events are natural hazards affecting many regions of the world. This study uses an example of the six largest cities in Austria to demonstrate the potential of urban climate model simulations applied in prediction mode providing detailed information on thermal conditions. For this purpose, the urban climate model MUKLIMO_3 of the German Meteorological Service (DWD) coupled with the hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model, ALARO, is used to simulate the development of the urban heat island (UHI) in Austrian cities for the summer period of 2019 with a horizontal resolution of 100 m. In addition to the evaluation of UHI predicting skills, other relevant variables, such as humidity and wind characteristics on hourly basis, are also analysed in this paper. Model evaluation confirmed that the MUKLIMO_3 microscale model had the capacity to simulate the main thermal spatiotemporal patterns in urban areas; however, a strong dependence on the input data from the mesoscale model was found. Our results showed large benefit in prediction of maximum air temperatures in urban areas, while the relative humidity predictions of MUKLIMO_3 appear to be much less plausible and show large variety of model prediction skills. Urban climate model simulations using real atmospheric conditions can facilitate better quantification and understanding of day-to-day intra-urban variations in microclimate as well as provide a basis for evaluation of the microclimate prediction skills of mesoscale numerical models with urban extensions.
Brigitta Hollósi; Maja Žuvela-Aloise; Sandro Oswald; Astrid Kainz; Wolfgang Schöner. Applying urban climate model in prediction mode—evaluation of MUKLIMO_3 model performance for Austrian cities based on the summer period of 2019. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2021, 144, 1181 -1204.
AMA StyleBrigitta Hollósi, Maja Žuvela-Aloise, Sandro Oswald, Astrid Kainz, Wolfgang Schöner. Applying urban climate model in prediction mode—evaluation of MUKLIMO_3 model performance for Austrian cities based on the summer period of 2019. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2021; 144 (3-4):1181-1204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrigitta Hollósi; Maja Žuvela-Aloise; Sandro Oswald; Astrid Kainz; Wolfgang Schöner. 2021. "Applying urban climate model in prediction mode—evaluation of MUKLIMO_3 model performance for Austrian cities based on the summer period of 2019." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 144, no. 3-4: 1181-1204.
Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Stéphanie Faroux; Herbert Formayer; Paul Hamer; Kristofer Hasel; Johannes Laimighofer; David Leidinger; Valéry Masson; Imran Nadeem; Sandro Oswald; Michael Revesz; Robert Schoetter. Thermal conditions during heat waves of a mid-European metropolis under consideration of climate change, urban development scenarios and resilience measures for the mid‑21st century. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 2021, 30, 9 -32.
AMA StyleHeidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs, Stéphanie Faroux, Herbert Formayer, Paul Hamer, Kristofer Hasel, Johannes Laimighofer, David Leidinger, Valéry Masson, Imran Nadeem, Sandro Oswald, Michael Revesz, Robert Schoetter. Thermal conditions during heat waves of a mid-European metropolis under consideration of climate change, urban development scenarios and resilience measures for the mid‑21st century. Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 2021; 30 (1):9-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Stéphanie Faroux; Herbert Formayer; Paul Hamer; Kristofer Hasel; Johannes Laimighofer; David Leidinger; Valéry Masson; Imran Nadeem; Sandro Oswald; Michael Revesz; Robert Schoetter. 2021. "Thermal conditions during heat waves of a mid-European metropolis under consideration of climate change, urban development scenarios and resilience measures for the mid‑21st century." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 30, no. 1: 9-32.
Climate change threatens to exacerbate existing problems in urban areas arising from the urban heat island. Furthermore, expansion of urban areas and rising urban populations will increase the numbers of people exposed to hazards in these vulnerable areas. We therefore urgently need study of these environments and in-depth assessment of potential climate adaptation measures.
We present a study of heat wave impacts across the urban landscape of Vienna for different future development pathways and for both present and future climatic conditions. We have created two different urban development scenarios that estimate potential urban sprawl and optimized development concerning future building construction in Vienna and have built a digital representation of each within the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban surface model. In addition, we select two heat waves of similar frequency of return representative for present and future conditions (following the RCP8.5 scenario) of the mid 21st century and use the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) to simulate both heat wave events. We then couple the two representations urban Vienna in TEB with the WRF heat wave simulations to estimate air temperature, surface temperatures and human thermal comfort during the heat waves. We then identify and apply a set of adaptation measures within TEB to try to identify potential solutions to the problems associated with the urban heat island.
Global and regional climate change under the RCP8.5 scenario causes the future heat wave to be more severe showing an increase of daily maximum air temperature in Vienna by 7 K; the daily minimum air temperature will increase by 2-4 K. We find that changes caused by urban growth or densification mainly affect air temperature and human thermal comfort local to where new urbanisation takes place and does not occur significantly in the existing central districts.
Exploring adaptation solutions, we find that a combination of near zero-energy standards and increasing albedo of building materials on the city scale accomplishes a maximum reduction of urban canyon temperature of 0.9 K for the minima and 0.2 K for the maxima. Local scale changes of different adaption measures show that insulation of buildings alone increases the maximum wall surface temperatures by more than 10 K or the maximum mean radiant temperature (MRT) in the canyon by 5 K. Therefore, additional adaptation to reduce MRT within the urban canyons like tree shade are needed to complement the proposed measures.
This study concludes that the rising air temperatures expected by climate change puts an unprecedented heat burden on Viennese inhabitants, which cannot easily be reduced by measures concerning buildings within the city itself. Additionally, measures such as planting trees to provide shade, regional water sensitive planning and global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in order to reduce temperature extremes are required.
We are now actively seeking to apply this set of tools to a wider set of cases in order to try to find effective solutions to projected warming resulting from climate change in urban areas.
Paul Hamer; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Stéphanie Faroux; Herbert Formayer; Kristofer Hasel; Johannes Laiminghofer; David Leidinger; Valéry Masson; Imran Nadeem; Sandro Oswald; Michael Revesz; Robert Schoetter. Can climate adaptation solutions fix the urban heat island? An assessment of the thermal conditions during heat waves in Vienna impacted by climate change and urban development scenarios for the mid-21st-century. 2020, 1 .
AMA StylePaul Hamer, Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs, Stéphanie Faroux, Herbert Formayer, Kristofer Hasel, Johannes Laiminghofer, David Leidinger, Valéry Masson, Imran Nadeem, Sandro Oswald, Michael Revesz, Robert Schoetter. Can climate adaptation solutions fix the urban heat island? An assessment of the thermal conditions during heat waves in Vienna impacted by climate change and urban development scenarios for the mid-21st-century. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Hamer; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Stéphanie Faroux; Herbert Formayer; Kristofer Hasel; Johannes Laiminghofer; David Leidinger; Valéry Masson; Imran Nadeem; Sandro Oswald; Michael Revesz; Robert Schoetter. 2020. "Can climate adaptation solutions fix the urban heat island? An assessment of the thermal conditions during heat waves in Vienna impacted by climate change and urban development scenarios for the mid-21st-century." , no. : 1.
Knowing the solar radiation fluxes inside an urban canyon is of interest for different purposes: e.g. urban climatology and studies of human thermal comfort and gaining relevance for future renewable energy generation in an urban environment using photovoltaic systems. For the latter, mainly rooftops are of interest, but studies started to extend towards the solar resources on building facades. However, the reflected solar radiation from the ground is either neglected or estimated using simplifications that lead to overestimation. SEBEpv (Solar Energy on Building Envelope – photovoltaic) is a new tool attempting to provide better estimates for the radiation reflected from the ground onto facades. It is primarily intended for the urban environment where the ground-view is very limited. SEBEpv delivers 3D results based on digital surface models of the environment. Furthermore, an optional PV model was added in order to address the simplified of estimation of reflected radiation when modelling photovoltaic (PV) yields. SEBEpv delivers quite good estimates for the solar radiation compared to the measurements. The simulated irradiance shows an RMSE of 28.7 W/m2 compared to the measured irradiance and has a bias close to zero. This is about half the RMSE shown by the predecessor tool SEBE. The measured total irradiation over two years shows a bias of about 7%, which is likely to be a result of the limited angular resolution of the shading algorithm. Overall, SEBEpv seems to be a promising tool, accounting for reflected radiation in urban environments.
Michael Revesz; Shokufeh Zamini; Sandro Oswald; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs. SEBEpv – New digital surface model based method for estimating the ground reflected irradiance in an urban environment. Solar Energy 2020, 199, 400 -410.
AMA StyleMichael Revesz, Shokufeh Zamini, Sandro Oswald, Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs. SEBEpv – New digital surface model based method for estimating the ground reflected irradiance in an urban environment. Solar Energy. 2020; 199 ():400-410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Revesz; Shokufeh Zamini; Sandro Oswald; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs. 2020. "SEBEpv – New digital surface model based method for estimating the ground reflected irradiance in an urban environment." Solar Energy 199, no. : 400-410.
This study outlines the results of current and future climate scenarios, and potentially realizable climate adaptation measures, for the city of Klagenfurt, Austria. For this purpose, we used the microscale urban climate model (MUKLIMO_3), in conjunction with the cuboid method, to calculate climate indices such as the average number of summer and hot days per year. For the baseline simulation, we used meteorological measurements from 1981 to 2010 from the weather station located at Klagenfurt Airport. Individual building structures and canopy cover from several land monitoring services were used to derive accurate properties for land use classes in the study domain. To characterize the effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies, we compared changes in the climate indices for several (future) climate adaptation scenarios to the reference simulation. Specifically, we considered two major adaptation pathways: (i) an increase in the albedo values of sealed areas (i.e., roofs, walls and streets) and (ii) an increase in green surfaces (i.e., lawns on streets and at roof level) and high vegetated areas (i.e., trees). The results indicate that some climate adaptation measures show higher potential in mitigating hot days than others, varying between reductions of 2.3 to 11.0%. An overall combination of adaptation measures leads to a maximum reduction of up to 44.0%, indicating a clear potential for reduction/mitigation of urban heat loads. Furthermore, the results for the future scenarios reveal the possibility to remain at the current level of urban heat load during the daytime over the next three decades for the overall combination of measures.
Sandro M. Oswald; Brigitta Hollosi; Maja Žuvela-Aloise; Linda See; Stefan Guggenberger; Wolfgang Hafner; Gundula Prokop; Alexander Storch; Wolfgang Schieder. Using urban climate modelling and improved land use classifications to support climate change adaptation in urban environments: A case study for the city of Klagenfurt, Austria. Urban Climate 2020, 31, 100582 .
AMA StyleSandro M. Oswald, Brigitta Hollosi, Maja Žuvela-Aloise, Linda See, Stefan Guggenberger, Wolfgang Hafner, Gundula Prokop, Alexander Storch, Wolfgang Schieder. Using urban climate modelling and improved land use classifications to support climate change adaptation in urban environments: A case study for the city of Klagenfurt, Austria. Urban Climate. 2020; 31 ():100582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandro M. Oswald; Brigitta Hollosi; Maja Žuvela-Aloise; Linda See; Stefan Guggenberger; Wolfgang Hafner; Gundula Prokop; Alexander Storch; Wolfgang Schieder. 2020. "Using urban climate modelling and improved land use classifications to support climate change adaptation in urban environments: A case study for the city of Klagenfurt, Austria." Urban Climate 31, no. : 100582.
This article examines the positioning features of polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules relative to the focus points of concentrator photovoltaic modules under real meteorological conditions using a dual tracking system. The performance of the photovoltaic modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system was regarded as a function of module orientation where the modules were moved step by step up to a point where their inclination differed by 30° compared to the ideal focus point position of the reference concentrator photovoltaic module. The inclination difference relative to the ideal focus point position was determined by the perfect perpendicularity to the rays of the sun. Technology-specific results show the accuracy of a sun tracking photovoltaic system that is required to keep the loss in power yield below a defined level. The loss in power yield, determined as a function of the measurement results, also showed that the performance insensitivity thresholds of the monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules depended on the direction of the alignment changes. The performance deviations showed clear azimuth dependence. Changing the tilt of the modules towards north and south showed little changes in results, but inclination changes towards northwest, southwest, southeast, and northeast produced results diverging more markedly from each other. These results may make the planning of solar tracking sensor investments easier and help with the estimate calculations of the total investment and operational costs and their return concerning monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic systems. The results also provide guidance for the tracking error values of the solar tracking sensor.
Henrik Zsiborács; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; András Vincze; István Háber; Philipp Weihs; Sandro Oswald; Christian Gützer; Gábor Pintér. Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3392 .
AMA StyleHenrik Zsiborács, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, András Vincze, István Háber, Philipp Weihs, Sandro Oswald, Christian Gützer, Gábor Pintér. Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (16):3392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenrik Zsiborács; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; András Vincze; István Háber; Philipp Weihs; Sandro Oswald; Christian Gützer; Gábor Pintér. 2019. "Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16: 3392.
While capabilities in urban climate modeling have substantially increased in recent decades, the interdependency of changes in environmental surface properties and human (dis)comfort have only recently received attention. The open-source solar long-wave environmental irradiance geometry (SOLWEIG) model is one of the state-of-the-art models frequently used for urban (micro-)climatic studies. Here, we present updated calculation schemes for SOLWEIG allowing the improved prediction of surface temperatures (wall and ground). We illustrate that parameterizations based on measurements of global radiation on a south-facing vertical plane obtain better results compared to those based on solar elevation. Due to the limited number of ground surface temperature parameterizations in SOLWEIG, we implement the two-layer force-restore method for calculating ground temperature for various soil conditions. To characterize changes in urban canyon air temperature (Tcan), we couple the calculation method as used in the Town Energy Balance (TEB) model. Comparison of model results and observations (obtained during field campaigns) indicates a good agreement between modeled and measured Tcan, with an explained variance of R2 = 0.99. Finally, we implement an energy balance model for vertically mounted PV modules to contrast different urban surface properties. Specifically, we consider (i) an environment comprising dark asphalt and a glass facade and (ii) an environment comprising bright concrete and a PV facade. The model results show a substantially decreased Tcan (by up to − 1.65°C) for the latter case, indicating the potential of partially reducing/mitigating urban heat island effects.
Sandro M. Oswald; Michael Revesz; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Shokufeh Zamini; Astrid Schneider; Martin Peyerl; Stefan Krispel; Harald E. Rieder; Erich Mursch-Radlgruber; Fredrik Lindberg. Coupling of urban energy balance model with 3-D radiation model to derive human thermal (dis)comfort. International Journal of Biometeorology 2018, 63, 711 -722.
AMA StyleSandro M. Oswald, Michael Revesz, Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs, Shokufeh Zamini, Astrid Schneider, Martin Peyerl, Stefan Krispel, Harald E. Rieder, Erich Mursch-Radlgruber, Fredrik Lindberg. Coupling of urban energy balance model with 3-D radiation model to derive human thermal (dis)comfort. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2018; 63 (6):711-722.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandro M. Oswald; Michael Revesz; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Shokufeh Zamini; Astrid Schneider; Martin Peyerl; Stefan Krispel; Harald E. Rieder; Erich Mursch-Radlgruber; Fredrik Lindberg. 2018. "Coupling of urban energy balance model with 3-D radiation model to derive human thermal (dis)comfort." International Journal of Biometeorology 63, no. 6: 711-722.
This paper examines the thermal properties of free-standing, ground-installed, south-facing crystalline and amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules, the remaining energy and the energy generation of the modules, in ideal and actual summer weather conditions. This work studies the algorithms in other studies used to describe the thermal processes occurring on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Using accurate devices and real, measured data, the deviations and the inaccuracies of theoretical approaches are investigated. The emphasis of the present study is to improve the simulation accuracy of the total emitted long-wave radiation at the module surface and to show the appropriate overall convection coefficient values for ground-mounted south-facing photovoltaic technologies. The innovative aspect of the present paper is an improved model resulting from an improved convective heat transfer and net long-wave radiation calculation. As a result of this research, algorithms describing the energy fluxes were developed. These algorithms have a 1–3% better accuracy of the net long-wave radiation calculations at the module surface. The rate of net energy exchange by convection at the module surface could be improved by 10–12% compared to the previous literature.
Henrik Zsiborács; Gábor Pintér; Attila Bai; József Popp; Zoltán Gabnai; Béla Pályi; Istvan Farkas; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; Christian Gützer; Heidelinde Trimmel; Sandro Oswald; Philipp Weihs. Comparison of Thermal Models for Ground-Mounted South-Facing Photovoltaic Technologies: A Practical Case Study. Energies 2018, 11, 1114 .
AMA StyleHenrik Zsiborács, Gábor Pintér, Attila Bai, József Popp, Zoltán Gabnai, Béla Pályi, Istvan Farkas, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, Christian Gützer, Heidelinde Trimmel, Sandro Oswald, Philipp Weihs. Comparison of Thermal Models for Ground-Mounted South-Facing Photovoltaic Technologies: A Practical Case Study. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenrik Zsiborács; Gábor Pintér; Attila Bai; József Popp; Zoltán Gabnai; Béla Pályi; Istvan Farkas; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; Christian Gützer; Heidelinde Trimmel; Sandro Oswald; Philipp Weihs. 2018. "Comparison of Thermal Models for Ground-Mounted South-Facing Photovoltaic Technologies: A Practical Case Study." Energies 11, no. 5: 1114.
This study investigates the effects of ambient meteorology on the accuracy of radiation (R) measurements performed with pyranometers contained in various heating and ventilation systems (HV-systems). It focuses particularly on instrument offsets observed following precipitation events. To quantify pyranometer responses to precipitation, a series of controlled laboratory experiments as well as two targeted field campaigns were performed in 2016. The results indicate that precipitation (as simulated by spray tests or observed under ambient conditions) significantly affects the thermal environment of the instruments and thus their stability. Statistical analyses of laboratory experiments showed that precipitation triggers zero offsets of −4 W m−2 or more, independent of the HV-system. Similar offsets were observed in field experiments under ambient environmental conditions, indicating a clear exceedance of BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) targets following precipitation events. All pyranometers required substantial time to return to their initial signal states after the simulated precipitation events. Therefore, for BSRN-class measurements, the recommendation would be to flag the radiation measurements during a natural precipitation event and 90 min after it in nighttime conditions. Further daytime experiments show pyranometer offsets of 50 W m−2 or more in comparison to the reference system. As they show a substantially faster recovery, the recommendation would be to flag the radiation measurements within a natural precipitation event and 10 min after it in daytime conditions.
Sandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2017, 10, 1169 -1179.
AMA StyleSandro M. Oswald, Helga Pietsch, Dietmar J. Baumgartner, Philipp Weihs, Harald E. Rieder. Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2017; 10 (3):1169-1179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. 2017. "Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 3: 1169-1179.
Sandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. Supplementary material to "Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments". 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleSandro M. Oswald, Helga Pietsch, Dietmar J. Baumgartner, Philipp Weihs, Harald E. Rieder. Supplementary material to "Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments". . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. 2016. "Supplementary material to "Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments"." , no. : 1.
This study investigates effects of ambient meteorology on the accuracy of radiation measurements performed with pyranometers contained in various heating/ventilation systems (HV-systems). It focuses particularly on instrument offsets observed following precipitation events. To quantify pyranometer responses to precipitation, a series of controlled laboratory experiments as well as two targeted field campaigns were performed in 2016. The results indicate that precipitation (as simulated by spray-tests or observed under ambient conditions) significantly affects the thermal environment of the instruments and thus their stability. Statistical analysis of laboratory experiments showed that precipitation triggers zero offsets of −4 W m−2 or more, independent of the HV-system. Similar offsets have been observed in field experiments under ambient environmental conditions, indicating a clear exceedance of BSRN targets following precipitation events. All pyranometers required substantial time to return to their initial signal states after the simulated precipitation events. Therefore for BSRN standard measurements the recommendation would be to flag the radiation measurements during a natural precipitation event and 90 min after it in nighttime conditions. Further daytime experiments show pyranometer offsets of 50 W m−2 or more in comparison to the reference system. As they show a substantially faster recovery, the recommendation would be to flag the radiation measurements within a natural precipitation event and 10 min after it in daytime conditions.
Sandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments. 2016, 2016, 1 -16.
AMA StyleSandro M. Oswald, Helga Pietsch, Dietmar J. Baumgartner, Philipp Weihs, Harald E. Rieder. Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments. . 2016; 2016 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. 2016. "Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments." 2016, no. : 1-16.