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Prof. Philipp Weihs
Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Meteorology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria

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0 Biometeorology
0 Urban Meteorology
0 Atmospheric optics
0 1-D and 3-D radiation modelling
0 Ground based remote sensing

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Biometeorology
1-D and 3-D radiation modelling

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Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have unique and tunable features with high potential in industrial use. However, the utilization of the ILs in industrial processes has recently arisen the question of their disposal and the effect on the environment. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of two commercial imidazolium-based ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Dmim][Cl]) on the growth and chemical composition of widely grown vegetables - tomato and cucumber. Different concentrations (10, 100 or 1000 mg L−1) of [Bmim][Cl] and [Dmim][Cl] were applied to the soil on which tomato was cultivated. After the harvest of tomato fruits, the same soil was used to grow and analyze the growth and chemical composition of cucumber. ILs significantly reduced shoot biomass and yield of tomato and significantly changed concentrations of N, K, Ca, Fe and Mn in the leaves, whereas concentrations of P, Cu and Zn were at the level of respected controls. The number of fruits of cucumber, grown on the soil previously treated with ILs, was significantly reduced along with yield, and mineral composition of leaves was significantly altered, with the exception to Cu. [Dmim][Cl] in general affected both tomato and cucumber more than [Bmim][Cl]. The application of IL with a longer alkyl substituent ([Dmim][Cl]) increased the temperature inside the tomato canopy and accelerated the senescence of plants.

ACS Style

Milena Daničić; Milan Vraneš; Marina Putnik-Delić; Aleksandar Tot; Philipp Weihs; Ivana Maksimović. Mineral composition and growth of tomato and cucumber affected by imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 167, 132 -139.

AMA Style

Milena Daničić, Milan Vraneš, Marina Putnik-Delić, Aleksandar Tot, Philipp Weihs, Ivana Maksimović. Mineral composition and growth of tomato and cucumber affected by imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 167 ():132-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Daničić; Milan Vraneš; Marina Putnik-Delić; Aleksandar Tot; Philipp Weihs; Ivana Maksimović. 2021. "Mineral composition and growth of tomato and cucumber affected by imidazolium-based ionic liquids." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 167, no. : 132-139.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2021 in Atmospheric Research
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In the present paper, the climate cooling potential of technical snow making on ski slopes is investigated with regard to radiative forcing. It is well-known, that snow shows a higher degree of reflection compared to other ground surfaces. During snow-poor winters, guaranteeing snow covered ski slopes by using snow making may therefore lead to an increase in the albedo of a mountainous region. Since increasing albedo engenders a negative radiative forcing, the cooling potential of snow production on ski slopes is of particular relevance in the context of the current climate debate. Investigations were however generally performed for flat surfaces. Several studies nevertheless demonstrated that the topography leads to a substantial decrease in the mean albedo of a given region. This is attributable to shading effects and to slope inclinations. The present study was therefore dedicated to the accurate simulation of the impact of the albedo increase of ski slopes on the mean albedo and on the resulting change in shortwave radiative budget of a chosen mountainous region. We used therefore a state of the art 3-dimensional radiative transfer model. The investigations were carried out for the skiing area Saalbach-Hinterglemm in Austria. Broadband snow albedo values between 0.61 and 0.62 in cloudless conditions and 0.64 and 0.65 in cloudy conditions for solar zenith angle (sza) between 30 and 80 degrees were used for the simulations. An uncertainty of ±0.17 was taken into account. First a sensitivity study was performed, that showed a substantial decrease in the mean albedo of the ski slopes as a function of slope inclination. A strong impact of topography and of surrounding trees on the mean albedo of the ski slopes of up to 40% and 14% respectively was found at high sza under clear sky conditions. Compared to snow free conditions an increase in albedo between 0.18 and 0.36 was observed, the higher values for smaller sza and assuming no trees in the surroundings. Only related to the ski slopes a radiative forcing between −7 and −35 W/m2 was obtained. If the long-term snow cover conditions were taken into account, snow making lead to a change in albedo, only, in March and April. The increase in albedo was just below 0.10 in April and 0.02 in March, resulting in a radiative forcing around −12 W/m2 and around −1.5 W/m2 respectively. Though, in order to analyze an eventual cooling effect on climate the whole carbon footprint related to the production of technical snow making shall be determined.

ACS Style

P. Weihs; J. Laimighofer; H. Formayer; M. Olefs. Influence of snow making on albedo and local radiative forcing in an alpine area. Atmospheric Research 2021, 255, 105448 .

AMA Style

P. Weihs, J. Laimighofer, H. Formayer, M. Olefs. Influence of snow making on albedo and local radiative forcing in an alpine area. Atmospheric Research. 2021; 255 ():105448.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Weihs; J. Laimighofer; H. Formayer; M. Olefs. 2021. "Influence of snow making on albedo and local radiative forcing in an alpine area." Atmospheric Research 255, no. : 105448.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Processes
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The accuracy and reliability of solar tracking greatly impacts the performance of concentrator photovoltaic modules (CPV). Thus, it is of utmost significance to know how deviations in tracking influence CPV module power. In this work, the positioning characteristics of CPV modules compared to the focus points were investigated. The performance of CPV modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system was analysed as a function of their orientation and inclination. The actual experiment was carried out with CPV cells of 3 mm in diameter. By using a dual tracking system under real weather conditions, the module’s position was gradually modified until the inclination differed by 5° relative to the optimal position of the focus point of the CPV module. The difference in inclination was established by the perfect perpendicularity to the Sun’s rays. The results obtained specifically for CPV technology help determine the level of accuracy that solar tracking photovoltaic systems are required to have to keep the loss in power yield under a certain level. Moreover, this power yield loss also demonstrated that the performance insensitivity thresholds of the CPV modules did not depend on the directions of the alterations in azimuthal alignment. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that earlier, no information had been found regarding the tracking insensitivity point in CPV technologies. A further analysis was carried out to compare the yield of CPV to other, conventional photovoltaic technologies under real Central European climate conditions. It was shown that CPV needs a sun tracking accuracy of at least 0.5° in order to surpass the yield of other PV technologies. Besides providing an insight into the tracking error values of solar tracking sensors, it is believed that the results might facilitate the planning of solar tracking sensor investments as well as the economic calculations related to 3 mm cell diameter CPV system investments.

ACS Style

Henrik Zsiborács; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; András Vincze; Philipp Weihs; Stefan F. Schreier; Christian Gützer; Michael Revesz; Gábor Pintér. The Impacts of Tracking System Inaccuracy on CPV Module Power. Processes 2020, 8, 1278 .

AMA Style

Henrik Zsiborács, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, András Vincze, Philipp Weihs, Stefan F. Schreier, Christian Gützer, Michael Revesz, Gábor Pintér. The Impacts of Tracking System Inaccuracy on CPV Module Power. Processes. 2020; 8 (10):1278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Zsiborács; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; András Vincze; Philipp Weihs; Stefan F. Schreier; Christian Gützer; Michael Revesz; Gábor Pintér. 2020. "The Impacts of Tracking System Inaccuracy on CPV Module Power." Processes 8, no. 10: 1278.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Visibility and visual contrast depend on several factors such as aerosol concentration, fog attenuation and humidity as well as gas characteristics. Usually, visibility is determined by observers or by visiometers. Routine web cam photographs of Vienna  have been performed for  2 years from the meteorological measurement platform situated on the roof of one of the buildings of University of Natural resources and Life Sciences overlooking the whole city of Vienna. Photographs are taken every 30 minutes in 6 different azimuthal directions. In the following study, we used routine web cam photographs digitalization to study the correlation between the ratio of some RGB channels as well as intensity fluctuations and the aerosol optical depth and on site particulate matter measurements. We first selected only photographs taken on clear sky days

For ground truth data, we used CIMEL sun photometer data of aerosol optical depth and liquid water content, relative humidity from routine measurements from our measurement platform as well as in situ measurements of particulate matter (PM10) performed by the air quality monitoring network of the city of Vienna.

First, the correlation between the contrast in a horizontal line and the aerosol amounts in the atmosphere and particulate matter concentration as a function of time of the day and azimuthal direction was investigated. We then examined the correlation between the blue to red ratio in a vertical and horizontal line with the aerosol amounts and particulate matter concentration in the atmosphere.

Results obtained showed at some azimuth angles and time of the day correlation coefficient R squared of up to 0.85 between horizontal line contrast and in situ PM 10 and between vertical line blue to red ratio and CIMEL aerosol optical depths measurements.

 

ACS Style

Philipp Weihs; Anita Frisch-Niggemeyer; Stefan Schreier. Determination of aerosol optical depth and particulate matter concentrations using routine web cam measurements. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Philipp Weihs, Anita Frisch-Niggemeyer, Stefan Schreier. Determination of aerosol optical depth and particulate matter concentrations using routine web cam measurements. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philipp Weihs; Anita Frisch-Niggemeyer; Stefan Schreier. 2020. "Determination of aerosol optical depth and particulate matter concentrations using routine web cam measurements." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Solar Energy
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Knowing the solar radiation fluxes inside an urban canyon is of interest for different purposes: e.g. urban climatology and studies of human thermal comfort and gaining relevance for future renewable energy generation in an urban environment using photovoltaic systems. For the latter, mainly rooftops are of interest, but studies started to extend towards the solar resources on building facades. However, the reflected solar radiation from the ground is either neglected or estimated using simplifications that lead to overestimation. SEBEpv (Solar Energy on Building Envelope – photovoltaic) is a new tool attempting to provide better estimates for the radiation reflected from the ground onto facades. It is primarily intended for the urban environment where the ground-view is very limited. SEBEpv delivers 3D results based on digital surface models of the environment. Furthermore, an optional PV model was added in order to address the simplified of estimation of reflected radiation when modelling photovoltaic (PV) yields. SEBEpv delivers quite good estimates for the solar radiation compared to the measurements. The simulated irradiance shows an RMSE of 28.7 W/m2 compared to the measured irradiance and has a bias close to zero. This is about half the RMSE shown by the predecessor tool SEBE. The measured total irradiation over two years shows a bias of about 7%, which is likely to be a result of the limited angular resolution of the shading algorithm. Overall, SEBEpv seems to be a promising tool, accounting for reflected radiation in urban environments.

ACS Style

Michael Revesz; Shokufeh Zamini; Sandro Oswald; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs. SEBEpv – New digital surface model based method for estimating the ground reflected irradiance in an urban environment. Solar Energy 2020, 199, 400 -410.

AMA Style

Michael Revesz, Shokufeh Zamini, Sandro Oswald, Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs. SEBEpv – New digital surface model based method for estimating the ground reflected irradiance in an urban environment. Solar Energy. 2020; 199 ():400-410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Revesz; Shokufeh Zamini; Sandro Oswald; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs. 2020. "SEBEpv – New digital surface model based method for estimating the ground reflected irradiance in an urban environment." Solar Energy 199, no. : 400-410.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2019 in Atmospheric Environment: X
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We characterize two recently installed MAX-DOAS instruments in Vienna, Austria, and evaluate horizontal path-averaged near-surface nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and glyoxal (CHOCHO) volume mixing ratios (VMRs) over the urban area by applying a state-of-the-art retrieval approach. As Vienna is influenced by Pannonian continental climate, characterized by hot summers and cold winters, a temperature correction is introduced and applied to the NO2 differential slant column densities (DSCDs) retrieved in the visible spectral range to correct for the temperature dependence of the NO2 cross-section. The results show that not accounting for such a correction leads to an overestimation of absolute values by up to 15% in the winter season. Path-averaged NO2 VMRs from selected horizontal viewing directions are compared with surface NO2 VMRs from air quality monitoring stations located below and/or in close proximity to the particular MAX-DOAS line of sight. Good agreement between the two independent data sets is found, in particular during the summer season, with correlation coefficents ranging between 0.76 and 0.94. Seasonal and diurnal cycles of path-averaged NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO VMRs are evaluated for a full year of measurements taken at the lowest elevation angles. While the highest daytime monthly averages of NO2 VMRs are found in winter, peaks of HCHO occur in summer. Highest amounts of CHOCHO conversely are observed over the course of the year, with the exception of summer. Seasonally-averaged diurnal cycles indicate that elevated NO2 and CHOCHO amounts are generally found in the morning hours and that there is a clear difference in trace gas amounts between weekdays and weekends when pointing at anthropogenic sources. The horizontal variabilty of tropospheric NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO amounts is investigated by analyzing seasonally-averaged path-averaged VMRs, again obtained from measurements taken at the lowest elevation angles. The results show that highest amounts of NO2 and CHOCHO are found when the MAX-DOAS instruments are pointing towards the city center and/or towards busy roads and industrial areas, whereas highest amounts of HCHO are found over northern and western parts of Vienna, in particular in summer, which implies that anthropogenic sources are not the dominant drivers of HCHO production during that time of the year. Finally, the influence of wind direction and wind speed on tropospheric NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO amounts is evaluted. The results show that tropospheric pollution levels over the city center of Vienna are highest at low wind speeds and wind directions from the Southeast.

ACS Style

Stefan F. Schreier; Andreas Richter; Enno Peters; Mareike Ostendorf; Alois W. Schmalwieser; Philipp Weihs; John P. Burrows. Dual ground-based MAX-DOAS observations in Vienna, Austria: Evaluation of horizontal and temporal NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO distributions and comparison with independent data sets. Atmospheric Environment: X 2019, 5, 100059 .

AMA Style

Stefan F. Schreier, Andreas Richter, Enno Peters, Mareike Ostendorf, Alois W. Schmalwieser, Philipp Weihs, John P. Burrows. Dual ground-based MAX-DOAS observations in Vienna, Austria: Evaluation of horizontal and temporal NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO distributions and comparison with independent data sets. Atmospheric Environment: X. 2019; 5 ():100059.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan F. Schreier; Andreas Richter; Enno Peters; Mareike Ostendorf; Alois W. Schmalwieser; Philipp Weihs; John P. Burrows. 2019. "Dual ground-based MAX-DOAS observations in Vienna, Austria: Evaluation of horizontal and temporal NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO distributions and comparison with independent data sets." Atmospheric Environment: X 5, no. : 100059.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2019 in Applied Sciences
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This article examines the positioning features of polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules relative to the focus points of concentrator photovoltaic modules under real meteorological conditions using a dual tracking system. The performance of the photovoltaic modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system was regarded as a function of module orientation where the modules were moved step by step up to a point where their inclination differed by 30° compared to the ideal focus point position of the reference concentrator photovoltaic module. The inclination difference relative to the ideal focus point position was determined by the perfect perpendicularity to the rays of the sun. Technology-specific results show the accuracy of a sun tracking photovoltaic system that is required to keep the loss in power yield below a defined level. The loss in power yield, determined as a function of the measurement results, also showed that the performance insensitivity thresholds of the monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules depended on the direction of the alignment changes. The performance deviations showed clear azimuth dependence. Changing the tilt of the modules towards north and south showed little changes in results, but inclination changes towards northwest, southwest, southeast, and northeast produced results diverging more markedly from each other. These results may make the planning of solar tracking sensor investments easier and help with the estimate calculations of the total investment and operational costs and their return concerning monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic systems. The results also provide guidance for the tracking error values of the solar tracking sensor.

ACS Style

Henrik Zsiborács; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; András Vincze; István Háber; Philipp Weihs; Sandro Oswald; Christian Gützer; Gábor Pintér. Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3392 .

AMA Style

Henrik Zsiborács, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, András Vincze, István Háber, Philipp Weihs, Sandro Oswald, Christian Gützer, Gábor Pintér. Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (16):3392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Zsiborács; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; András Vincze; István Háber; Philipp Weihs; Sandro Oswald; Christian Gützer; Gábor Pintér. 2019. "Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16: 3392.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2018 in Atmospheric Research
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We investigate terrain effects on short-wave radiation measurements at Kanzelhöhe Observatory (KSO), a mountainous radiation monitoring site in the Austrian Southern Alps, using three-dimensional (3-D) radiative transfer (RT) modeling and observations. The magnitude of terrain effects on global radiation is experimentally assessed through the comparison of 10-min measurement segments ex−/including terrain reflected radiation. The reflected component is ex−/included in global solar irradiance (GLO) measurements through a horizon shaped metal frame raised/lowered in 10-min intervals. Additionally we assess terrain influence in 3-D RT model simulations performed with an updated version of GRIMALDI, allowing for digital elevation model inclusion. The DEM used for terrain representation is the one arc second Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model. For GRIMALDI simulations we consider an area averaged albedo of 0.30 for summer and 0.36 for winter (0.30 for forests and 0.90 for fresh snow), respectively. The influence of the horizon and surface albedo on a grid cell of interest (KSO location) is derived through comparison of the solar irradiance incident on a domain grid cell surface (SI-GCS) with SI-GCS reduced for the reflected component. Applying a 2σ threshold for the significance of terrain effects in GLO measurements, we find no significant influence of the surrounding during summertime. Also during wintertime, we find for the vast majority of observational increments no significant influence of the surrounding. Above a 2σ threshold, exceedances are small, on average 0.2 W m−2. Differences between 3-D RT model simulations including and excluding terrain effects are small during winter conditions, i.e. always below 1% and never exceeding 1 W m−2. Slightly larger differences are found for 3-D RT simulations including/excluding the reflected component during summertime, reaching at solar noon up to 6.1 W m−2. Both observations and model simulations indicate that KSO is well suited for radiation monitoring as terrain effects are small (close to negligible considering instrument specifications) throughout the year.

ACS Style

D.J. Baumgartner; P. Weihs; G. Kubu; S.M. Oswald; W. Pötzi; H. Freislich; H. Strutzmann; U. Foelsche; A.M. Veronig; H.E. Rieder. Investigating the topographic influence on short-wave irradiance measurements: A case study for Kanzelhöhe Observatory, Austria. Atmospheric Research 2018, 219, 106 -113.

AMA Style

D.J. Baumgartner, P. Weihs, G. Kubu, S.M. Oswald, W. Pötzi, H. Freislich, H. Strutzmann, U. Foelsche, A.M. Veronig, H.E. Rieder. Investigating the topographic influence on short-wave irradiance measurements: A case study for Kanzelhöhe Observatory, Austria. Atmospheric Research. 2018; 219 ():106-113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.J. Baumgartner; P. Weihs; G. Kubu; S.M. Oswald; W. Pötzi; H. Freislich; H. Strutzmann; U. Foelsche; A.M. Veronig; H.E. Rieder. 2018. "Investigating the topographic influence on short-wave irradiance measurements: A case study for Kanzelhöhe Observatory, Austria." Atmospheric Research 219, no. : 106-113.

Original paper
Published: 05 December 2018 in International Journal of Biometeorology
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While capabilities in urban climate modeling have substantially increased in recent decades, the interdependency of changes in environmental surface properties and human (dis)comfort have only recently received attention. The open-source solar long-wave environmental irradiance geometry (SOLWEIG) model is one of the state-of-the-art models frequently used for urban (micro-)climatic studies. Here, we present updated calculation schemes for SOLWEIG allowing the improved prediction of surface temperatures (wall and ground). We illustrate that parameterizations based on measurements of global radiation on a south-facing vertical plane obtain better results compared to those based on solar elevation. Due to the limited number of ground surface temperature parameterizations in SOLWEIG, we implement the two-layer force-restore method for calculating ground temperature for various soil conditions. To characterize changes in urban canyon air temperature (Tcan), we couple the calculation method as used in the Town Energy Balance (TEB) model. Comparison of model results and observations (obtained during field campaigns) indicates a good agreement between modeled and measured Tcan, with an explained variance of R2 = 0.99. Finally, we implement an energy balance model for vertically mounted PV modules to contrast different urban surface properties. Specifically, we consider (i) an environment comprising dark asphalt and a glass facade and (ii) an environment comprising bright concrete and a PV facade. The model results show a substantially decreased Tcan (by up to − 1.65°C) for the latter case, indicating the potential of partially reducing/mitigating urban heat island effects.

ACS Style

Sandro M. Oswald; Michael Revesz; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Shokufeh Zamini; Astrid Schneider; Martin Peyerl; Stefan Krispel; Harald E. Rieder; Erich Mursch-Radlgruber; Fredrik Lindberg. Coupling of urban energy balance model with 3-D radiation model to derive human thermal (dis)comfort. International Journal of Biometeorology 2018, 63, 711 -722.

AMA Style

Sandro M. Oswald, Michael Revesz, Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs, Shokufeh Zamini, Astrid Schneider, Martin Peyerl, Stefan Krispel, Harald E. Rieder, Erich Mursch-Radlgruber, Fredrik Lindberg. Coupling of urban energy balance model with 3-D radiation model to derive human thermal (dis)comfort. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2018; 63 (6):711-722.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro M. Oswald; Michael Revesz; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Shokufeh Zamini; Astrid Schneider; Martin Peyerl; Stefan Krispel; Harald E. Rieder; Erich Mursch-Radlgruber; Fredrik Lindberg. 2018. "Coupling of urban energy balance model with 3-D radiation model to derive human thermal (dis)comfort." International Journal of Biometeorology 63, no. 6: 711-722.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Solar Energy
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Due to the large demand for electricity in cities, photovoltaic (PV) installations inside the urban environment will increase in the near future. It is known that the yield of PV systems on facades can be increased by increasing the ground-albedo. White surfaces are also proposed for urban heat island mitigation. Thus, increasing the ground-albedo inside the urban environment has multiple advantages. However, solar potential simulation tools are not yet designed for simulating in an urban canyon. The ground-reflected irradiance is either neglected or the known approximation is applied. The potential contribution of ground-reflected irradiance to the electricity production of PV facades in an urban canyon is not yet investigated. Therefore, measurements were made in a street canyon to show the potential effect of an increased ground-albedo on the power output of south-facing, vertically mounted PV modules and the total in-plane irradiance. Further, the potential increase of PV yield on a reference point was estimated, when asphalt on an approximately 15 m wide street canyon was replaced with a highly reflective concrete and an albedo of 0.5. For the latter case, at a wall point 12 m above ground and with a ground view factor of 0.16, it was found that during an eleven days reference period in August 2016, in Vienna, the PV yield increases by 7.3%.

ACS Style

Michael Revesz; Sandro Michael Oswald; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Shokufeh Zamini. Potential increase of solar irradiation and its influence on PV facades inside an urban canyon by increasing the ground-albedo. Solar Energy 2018, 174, 7 -15.

AMA Style

Michael Revesz, Sandro Michael Oswald, Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs, Shokufeh Zamini. Potential increase of solar irradiation and its influence on PV facades inside an urban canyon by increasing the ground-albedo. Solar Energy. 2018; 174 ():7-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Revesz; Sandro Michael Oswald; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Shokufeh Zamini. 2018. "Potential increase of solar irradiation and its influence on PV facades inside an urban canyon by increasing the ground-albedo." Solar Energy 174, no. : 7-15.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2018 in Energies
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This paper examines the thermal properties of free-standing, ground-installed, south-facing crystalline and amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules, the remaining energy and the energy generation of the modules, in ideal and actual summer weather conditions. This work studies the algorithms in other studies used to describe the thermal processes occurring on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Using accurate devices and real, measured data, the deviations and the inaccuracies of theoretical approaches are investigated. The emphasis of the present study is to improve the simulation accuracy of the total emitted long-wave radiation at the module surface and to show the appropriate overall convection coefficient values for ground-mounted south-facing photovoltaic technologies. The innovative aspect of the present paper is an improved model resulting from an improved convective heat transfer and net long-wave radiation calculation. As a result of this research, algorithms describing the energy fluxes were developed. These algorithms have a 1–3% better accuracy of the net long-wave radiation calculations at the module surface. The rate of net energy exchange by convection at the module surface could be improved by 10–12% compared to the previous literature.

ACS Style

Henrik Zsiborács; Gábor Pintér; Attila Bai; József Popp; Zoltán Gabnai; Béla Pályi; Istvan Farkas; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; Christian Gützer; Heidelinde Trimmel; Sandro Oswald; Philipp Weihs. Comparison of Thermal Models for Ground-Mounted South-Facing Photovoltaic Technologies: A Practical Case Study. Energies 2018, 11, 1114 .

AMA Style

Henrik Zsiborács, Gábor Pintér, Attila Bai, József Popp, Zoltán Gabnai, Béla Pályi, Istvan Farkas, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, Christian Gützer, Heidelinde Trimmel, Sandro Oswald, Philipp Weihs. Comparison of Thermal Models for Ground-Mounted South-Facing Photovoltaic Technologies: A Practical Case Study. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Zsiborács; Gábor Pintér; Attila Bai; József Popp; Zoltán Gabnai; Béla Pályi; Istvan Farkas; Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai; Christian Gützer; Heidelinde Trimmel; Sandro Oswald; Philipp Weihs. 2018. "Comparison of Thermal Models for Ground-Mounted South-Facing Photovoltaic Technologies: A Practical Case Study." Energies 11, no. 5: 1114.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2018 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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Global warming has already affected European rivers and their aquatic biota, and climate models predict an increase of temperature in central Europe over all seasons. We simulated the influence of expected changes in heat wave intensity during the 21st century on water temperatures of a heavily impacted pre-alpine Austrian river and analysed future mitigating effects of riparian vegetation shade on radiant and turbulent energy fluxes using the deterministic Heat Source model. Modelled stream water temperature increased less than 1.5 ∘C within the first half of the century. Until 2100, a more significant increase of around 3 ∘C in minimum, maximum and mean stream temperatures was predicted for a 20-year return period heat event. The result showed clearly that in a highly altered river system riparian vegetation was not able to fully mitigate the predicted temperature rise caused by climate change but would be able to reduce water temperature by 1 to 2 ∘C. The removal of riparian vegetation amplified stream temperature increases. Maximum stream temperatures could increase by more than 4 ∘C even in annual heat events. Such a dramatic water temperature shift of some degrees, especially in summer, would indicate a total shift of aquatic biodiversity. The results demonstrate that effective river restoration and mitigation require re-establishing riparian vegetation and emphasize the importance of land–water interfaces and their ecological functioning in aquatic environments.

ACS Style

Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; David Leidinger; Herbert Formayer; Gerda Kalny; Andreas Melcher. Can riparian vegetation shade mitigate the expected rise in stream temperatures due to climate change during heat waves in a human-impacted pre-alpine river? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2018, 22, 437 -461.

AMA Style

Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs, David Leidinger, Herbert Formayer, Gerda Kalny, Andreas Melcher. Can riparian vegetation shade mitigate the expected rise in stream temperatures due to climate change during heat waves in a human-impacted pre-alpine river? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2018; 22 (1):437-461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; David Leidinger; Herbert Formayer; Gerda Kalny; Andreas Melcher. 2018. "Can riparian vegetation shade mitigate the expected rise in stream temperatures due to climate change during heat waves in a human-impacted pre-alpine river?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 1: 437-461.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems
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The mass-introduction of small scale power generation units like photovoltaic systems at household levels increase the risk for system unbalances, due to their stochastic generation profile. Additionally, upcoming technologies such as electric vehicles, battery storage systems and energy management systems lead to a change from consumer households to prosumers with a significant different residual load profile. For optimizing the profile of future prosumers, especially the forecast for PV generation is crucial. Whilst traditional weather forecasts are based on a few hundred metering locations in the case of Austria, more than 55000 PV systems are currently connected to the Austrian Power grid. Due to the low areal coverage of common metering locations, weather forecasts do not take local phenomena like shadows from clouds into account. An approach using generation data from neighbouring PV systems together with machine learning methods provides a promising alternative for individual l

ACS Style

Stefan Ubermasser; Simon Kloibhofer; Philipp Weihs; Matthias Stifter. Concept for Intra-Hour PV Generation Forecast based on Distributed PV Inverter Data - An Approach Considering Machine Learning Techniques and Distributed Data. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems 2018, 286 -293.

AMA Style

Stefan Ubermasser, Simon Kloibhofer, Philipp Weihs, Matthias Stifter. Concept for Intra-Hour PV Generation Forecast based on Distributed PV Inverter Data - An Approach Considering Machine Learning Techniques and Distributed Data. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems. 2018; ():286-293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Ubermasser; Simon Kloibhofer; Philipp Weihs; Matthias Stifter. 2018. "Concept for Intra-Hour PV Generation Forecast based on Distributed PV Inverter Data - An Approach Considering Machine Learning Techniques and Distributed Data." Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems , no. : 286-293.

Original paper
Published: 17 June 2017 in Theoretical and Applied Climatology
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This study investigates the influence of low ozone episodes on UV-B radiation in Austria during the period 1999 to 2015. To this aim observations of total column ozone (TCO) in the Greater Alpine Region (Arosa, Switzerland; Hohenpeissenberg, Germany; Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Sonnblick, Austria), and erythemal UV-B radiation, available from 12 sites of the Austrian UV-B monitoring network, are analyzed. As previous definitions for low ozone episodes are not particularly suited to investigate effects on UV radiation, a novel threshold approach—considering anomalies—is developed to provide a joint framework for the analysis of extremes. TCO and UV extremes are negatively correlated, although modulating effects of sunshine duration impact the robustness of the statistical relationship. Therefore, information on relative sunshine duration (SDrel), available at (or nearby) UV-B monitoring sites, is included as explanatory variable in the analysis. The joint analysis of anomalies of both UV index (UVI) and total ozone (∆UVI, ∆TCO) and SDrel across sites shows that more than 65% of observations with strongly negative ozone anomalies (∆TCO < −1) led to positive UVI anomalies. Considering only days with strongly positive UVI anomaly (∆UVI > 1), we find (across all sites) that about 90% correspond to negative ∆TCO. The remaining 10% of days occurred during fair weather conditions (SDrel ≥ 80%) explaining the appearance of ∆UVI > 1 despite positive TCO anomalies. Further, we introduce an anomaly amplification factor (AAF), which quantifies the expected change of the ∆UVI for a given change in ∆TCO.

ACS Style

Matthias Schwarz; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Helga Pietsch; Mario Blumthaler; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. Influence of low ozone episodes on erythemal UV-B radiation in Austria. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2017, 133, 319 -329.

AMA Style

Matthias Schwarz, Dietmar J. Baumgartner, Helga Pietsch, Mario Blumthaler, Philipp Weihs, Harald E. Rieder. Influence of low ozone episodes on erythemal UV-B radiation in Austria. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2017; 133 (1-2):319-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Schwarz; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Helga Pietsch; Mario Blumthaler; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. 2017. "Influence of low ozone episodes on erythemal UV-B radiation in Austria." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 133, no. 1-2: 319-329.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Ecological Engineering
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Alexandra Medl; Stefan Mayr; Hans Peter Rauch; Philipp Weihs; Florin Florineth. Microclimatic conditions of ‘Green Walls’, a new restoration technique for steep slopes based on a steel grid construction. Ecological Engineering 2017, 101, 39 -45.

AMA Style

Alexandra Medl, Stefan Mayr, Hans Peter Rauch, Philipp Weihs, Florin Florineth. Microclimatic conditions of ‘Green Walls’, a new restoration technique for steep slopes based on a steel grid construction. Ecological Engineering. 2017; 101 ():39-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandra Medl; Stefan Mayr; Hans Peter Rauch; Philipp Weihs; Florin Florineth. 2017. "Microclimatic conditions of ‘Green Walls’, a new restoration technique for steep slopes based on a steel grid construction." Ecological Engineering 101, no. : 39-45.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2017 in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
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This study investigates the effects of ambient meteorology on the accuracy of radiation (R) measurements performed with pyranometers contained in various heating and ventilation systems (HV-systems). It focuses particularly on instrument offsets observed following precipitation events. To quantify pyranometer responses to precipitation, a series of controlled laboratory experiments as well as two targeted field campaigns were performed in 2016. The results indicate that precipitation (as simulated by spray tests or observed under ambient conditions) significantly affects the thermal environment of the instruments and thus their stability. Statistical analyses of laboratory experiments showed that precipitation triggers zero offsets of −4 W m−2 or more, independent of the HV-system. Similar offsets were observed in field experiments under ambient environmental conditions, indicating a clear exceedance of BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) targets following precipitation events. All pyranometers required substantial time to return to their initial signal states after the simulated precipitation events. Therefore, for BSRN-class measurements, the recommendation would be to flag the radiation measurements during a natural precipitation event and 90 min after it in nighttime conditions. Further daytime experiments show pyranometer offsets of 50 W m−2 or more in comparison to the reference system. As they show a substantially faster recovery, the recommendation would be to flag the radiation measurements within a natural precipitation event and 10 min after it in daytime conditions.

ACS Style

Sandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2017, 10, 1169 -1179.

AMA Style

Sandro M. Oswald, Helga Pietsch, Dietmar J. Baumgartner, Philipp Weihs, Harald E. Rieder. Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2017; 10 (3):1169-1179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro M. Oswald; Helga Pietsch; Dietmar J. Baumgartner; Philipp Weihs; Harald E. Rieder. 2017. "Pyranometer offsets triggered by ambient meteorology: insights from laboratory and field experiments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 3: 1169-1179.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2017 in Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
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Stream water temperature limits the growth and survival of aquatic organisms; whereby riparian shading plays a key role in inhibiting river warming. This study explains the effects of riparian shading on summer water temperatures at a pre-alpine Austrian river, during heatwave and non-heatwave periods at low flow conditions. A vegetation-shading index was introduced for the quantification of riparian vegetation effects on water temperature. For maximum water temperatures, a downstream warming of 3.9 °C was observed in unshaded areas, followed by a downstream cooling of 3.5 °C in shaded reaches. Water temperature directly responded to air temperature and cloudiness. For an air temperature change of 2 °C we modelled a water temperature change of 1.3 °C for unshaded reaches, but lower changes for intensively shaded reaches. Similar daily variations at shaded reaches were up to 4 °C lower than unshaded ones. This study gives clear evidence that for a medium-sized pre-alpine river, restoration practices should consider that discontinuity of riparian vegetation should be less than 6000 m; with more than 40% dense vegetation in order to minimize water temperature increases due to unshaded conditions.

ACS Style

Gerda Kalny; Gregor Laaha; Andreas Melcher; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Hans Peter Rauch. The influence of riparian vegetation shading on water temperature during low flow conditions in a medium sized river. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 2017, 5 .

AMA Style

Gerda Kalny, Gregor Laaha, Andreas Melcher, Heidelinde Trimmel, Philipp Weihs, Hans Peter Rauch. The influence of riparian vegetation shading on water temperature during low flow conditions in a medium sized river. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2017; (418):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerda Kalny; Gregor Laaha; Andreas Melcher; Heidelinde Trimmel; Philipp Weihs; Hans Peter Rauch. 2017. "The influence of riparian vegetation shading on water temperature during low flow conditions in a medium sized river." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems , no. 418: 5.

Fachthemen
Published: 01 February 2017 in Bauphysik
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Die Anforderungen an Verkehrsflächen im urbanen Bereich sind vielfältig und steigen kontinuierlich. Von Bedeutung für die Bewohner ist die Reduktion von urbanen Wärmeinseln bzw. „Heat Islands”, welche aufgrund ihrer erhöhten Temperatur das Stadtklima negativ beeinflussen. Auf Basis der Untersuchung wurde festgestellt, dass die Oberflächentemperatur und das allgemeine Temperaturniveau im innerstädtischen Bereich (dargestellt am Beispiel Wien) durch Ausführung heller Verkehrsflächen deutlich reduziert und auch die Sichtbarkeit von Verkehrsteilnehmern bei gleicher Ausleuchtung in der Nacht wesentlich verbessert werden kann. Als effiziente Sanierungsmethode eignet sich hier das System Whitetopping besonders gut, da mit dieser Methode sowohl die Tragfähigkeit als auch die Helligkeitseigenschaften von urbanen Verkehrsflächen einfach und kostengünstig verbessert werden können. Das Ersetzen von Asphaltstraßen durch Straßen mit einem Betonbelag mit einer Albedo gleich 0,5 würde zu einer Abnahme der täglichen Lufttemperatur im Sommer um ca. 1 °C führen. Auch die Modellsimulationen der Lufttemperatur über eine 150 m × 150 m große homogene Fläche zeigen eine Abnahme der Temperatur um 1 °C über Flächen in Whitetopping‐Ausführung verglichen zu Asphalt. Da Straßen einen Anteil von ca. 10 % der Gesamtfläche einer Stadt in Anspruch nehmen, können hier effiziente und langfristige Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Mikroklimas sowie der Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit gesetzt werden.

ACS Style

Stefan Krispel; Martin Peyerl; Gerald Maier; Philipp Weihs. Urban Heat Islands - Reduktion von innerstädtischen Wärmeinseln durch Whitetopping. Bauphysik 2017, 39, 33 -40.

AMA Style

Stefan Krispel, Martin Peyerl, Gerald Maier, Philipp Weihs. Urban Heat Islands - Reduktion von innerstädtischen Wärmeinseln durch Whitetopping. Bauphysik. 2017; 39 (1):33-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Krispel; Martin Peyerl; Gerald Maier; Philipp Weihs. 2017. "Urban Heat Islands - Reduktion von innerstädtischen Wärmeinseln durch Whitetopping." Bauphysik 39, no. 1: 33-40.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2016 in Meteorologische Zeitschrift
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Heidelinde Trimmel; Clement Gangneux; Gerda Kalny; Philipp Weihs. Application of the model ‘Heat Source’ to assess the influence of meteorological components on stream temperature and simulation accuracy under heat wave conditions. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 2016, 25, 389 -406.

AMA Style

Heidelinde Trimmel, Clement Gangneux, Gerda Kalny, Philipp Weihs. Application of the model ‘Heat Source’ to assess the influence of meteorological components on stream temperature and simulation accuracy under heat wave conditions. Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 2016; 25 (4):389-406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heidelinde Trimmel; Clement Gangneux; Gerda Kalny; Philipp Weihs. 2016. "Application of the model ‘Heat Source’ to assess the influence of meteorological components on stream temperature and simulation accuracy under heat wave conditions." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 25, no. 4: 389-406.

Originalarbeit
Published: 02 August 2016 in Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft
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Vorliegende transdisziplinäre Studie untersuchte im Rahmen des ACRP Projektes BIO_CLIC die Wirkung der Ufervegetation auf das Wassertemperaturregime sowie die Interaktionen mit aquatischen Organismen von kleinen und mittelgroßen Flüssen am Beispiel von Lafnitz und Pinka. Ziel ist es, relevante Zusammenhänge zu analysieren und darzustellen, um daraus Managementmaßnahmen und Anpassungsstrategien entwickeln zu können. Die beiden Flüsse befinden sich im Südosten Österreichs, einer Region, die nach derzeitigem Wissensstand mit relativ starken Auswirkungen des Klimawandels zu rechnen hat. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass der Klimawandel die Wassertemperaturen nicht nur steigen lässt, sondern dass auch häufiger Hitzeperioden auftreten können. Im Zuge der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die thermischen Habitate sowie die Ufervegetation erfasst und die longitudinale Verbreitung von Fischen sowie der benthischen Evertebraten-Fauna (gewässerbodenbewohnende wirbellose Lebensgemeinschaft) analysiert. Dabei stellt die Lafnitz, vor allem im Mittellauf, ein weitgehend naturnahes Gewässer dar, während die Pinka starke anthropogene Beeinträchtigungen aufweist. Eine Synthese von Wassertemperatur und Ufervegetation mit der Fisch- und wirbellosen benthischen Fauna, in Form von „Fact Sheets“, zeigt sehr große Unterschiede an sechs verschiedenen „Hot Spots“ und unterstreicht die Bedeutung abiotischer gewässertypspezifischer Parameter für aquatische Lebensgemeinschaften. Die globale Erwärmung zeigt heute bereits Auswirkungen auf Fließgewässersysteme und wird in Zukunft diese Ökosysteme und ihre Leistungen noch stärker beeinflussen. In naturnahen Flussabschnitten mit geringen menschlichen Belastungen beträgt der Wassertemperaturunterschied zwischen den biozönotischen Zonen im Sommer zwischen 2 °C und 3 °C und ist somit oft ein trennender Faktor zwischen den Zonen. Höhere Wassertemperaturen zwingen die Zönosen zu Anpassungen oder zur Abwanderung in Abschnitte, wo geeignete Habitate vorhanden sind. Ein Anstieg der Wassertemperatur um 2 °C führt daher zu einer Verschiebung der Artenzusammensetzung. Die Ufervegetation ist für die aquatische Ökologie unserer Fließgewässer wichtig und hat durch die zukünftig zu erwartenden Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf das thermische Regime eine besondere Bedeutung. Sie kann durch ihre beschattende Wirkung, besonders in Hitzephasen, die Erwärmung der Wassertemperatur um bis 2 °C verringern. Die Synthese unterstreicht, dass für nachhaltige Flussrevitalisierungen, die Berücksichtigung der gewässertypspezifischen Ufervegetation sowie eine entsprechende aquatische Habitatausstattung unumgänglich ist. This study is based on the results of the transdisciplinary research project BIO_CLIC. The aim of this study was (1) to synthesize and reflect the scientific knowledge, (2) to understand the potential of riparian vegetation on water temperature and (3) to ameliorate the impacts on the aquatic habitats of benthic invertebrates and fish at the rivers Lafnitz and Pinka. These objectives had been achieved by detailed field investigations, the assessment of abiotic environmental parameters (water temperature, riparian vegetation, shading and morphology), the comparison of effects of dynamic processes (incl. water temperature, riparian vegetation, change of river morphology) and biotic habitat use of benthic invertebrates and fish assemblages. The results provide an environmental and biological overview of potential local impacts on water temperature during heat wave periods and additionally taking into account diverse climate scenarios. Three hotspots at each river were selected to characterize specific river types with respect to river morphology, riparian vegetation, thermal regime, as well as the biocoenosis of fish and benthic invertebrates. The temperature regime influences all life stages of fish species and benthic invertebrates. They prefer different temperature regimes along a river continuum that correspond with typical species assemblages. Our evaluation of water temperatures for longitudinal biozenotic zones showed significant differences for shaded and unshaded river reaches. The river type specific mean water temperature for trout and grayling zone in summer is between 11 °C and 16 °C and for barbel and nase above 16 °C. Temperature changes of 2 °C lead to a shift of species composition preferring „warm-water“ species. River reaches with functioning riparian vegetation are able to mitigate these effects of extreme water temperature increase. Different riparian vegetation scenarios at six hot spots, representing a different water temperature patterns, explain shading effects on benthic invertebrates and fish species assemblages. We used these scenarios to develop a synthesis for river type specific management which can support a more grounded and practical grasp of future climate change impacts in theory and practice. This synthesis fills a gap from scientific assessment to practice and summarizes the results from different areas of expertise as a fact sheet with recommendations.

ACS Style

A. Melcher; F. Dossi; W. Graf; Florian Pletterbauer; K. Schaufler; G. Kalny; H. P. Rauch; H. Formayer; H. Trimmel; Philipp Weihs. Der Einfluss der Ufervegetation auf die Wassertemperatur unter gewässertypspezifischer Berücksichtigung von Fischen und benthischen Evertebraten am Beispiel von Lafnitz und Pinka. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 2016, 68, 308 -323.

AMA Style

A. Melcher, F. Dossi, W. Graf, Florian Pletterbauer, K. Schaufler, G. Kalny, H. P. Rauch, H. Formayer, H. Trimmel, Philipp Weihs. Der Einfluss der Ufervegetation auf die Wassertemperatur unter gewässertypspezifischer Berücksichtigung von Fischen und benthischen Evertebraten am Beispiel von Lafnitz und Pinka. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2016; 68 (7-8):308-323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Melcher; F. Dossi; W. Graf; Florian Pletterbauer; K. Schaufler; G. Kalny; H. P. Rauch; H. Formayer; H. Trimmel; Philipp Weihs. 2016. "Der Einfluss der Ufervegetation auf die Wassertemperatur unter gewässertypspezifischer Berücksichtigung von Fischen und benthischen Evertebraten am Beispiel von Lafnitz und Pinka." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 68, no. 7-8: 308-323.