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M. Baratieri
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 21 June 2021 in Energies
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Power generation units based on the bio-syngas system face two main challenges due to (i) the possible temporary shortage of primary sources and (ii) the engine power derating associated with the use of low-energy density fuels in combustion engines. In both cases, an external input fuel is provided. Hence, complementing syngas with traditional fuels, like natural gas, becomes a necessity. In this work, an experimental methodology is proposed, aiming at the quantification of the impact of the use of both natural gas and syngas in spark ignition (SI) engines on performance and emissions. The main research questions focus on investigating brake thermal efficiency (BTE), power derating, and pollutant emission (NOx, CO, THC, CO2) formation, offering quantitative findings that present the basis for engine optimization procedures. Experimental measurements were performed on a Toyota 4Y-E engine (a 4-cylinders, 4-stroke spark ignition engine) at partial load (10 kW) under different syngas energy shares (SES) and at four different spark ignition timings (10°, 25°, 35° and 45° BTDC). Results reveal that the impact of the different fuel mixtures on BTE is negligible if compared to the influence of spark advance variation on BTE. On the other hand, power derating has proven to be a limiting factor and becomes more prominent with increasing SES. An increasing SES also resulted in an increase of CO and CO2 emissions, while NOx and THC emissions decreased with increasing SES.

ACS Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Urban Žvar Baškovič; Massimiliano Renzi; Tine Seljak; Samuel Rodman Oprešnik; Marco Baratieri; Tomaž Katrašnik. Complementing Syngas with Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines for Power Production: Effects on Emissions and Combustion. Energies 2021, 14, 3688 .

AMA Style

Carlo Caligiuri, Urban Žvar Baškovič, Massimiliano Renzi, Tine Seljak, Samuel Rodman Oprešnik, Marco Baratieri, Tomaž Katrašnik. Complementing Syngas with Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines for Power Production: Effects on Emissions and Combustion. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Urban Žvar Baškovič; Massimiliano Renzi; Tine Seljak; Samuel Rodman Oprešnik; Marco Baratieri; Tomaž Katrašnik. 2021. "Complementing Syngas with Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines for Power Production: Effects on Emissions and Combustion." Energies 14, no. 12: 3688.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Fuel
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Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising technology to produce drop-in biofuels from wet biomasses. In this paper a thermodynamic analysis, including chemical equilibrium and gas–liquid equilibrium in high-pressure conditions was conducted. The chemical equilibrium model is based on the minimization of the Gibbs free energy, while the high-pressure gas–liquid equilibrium model is implemented by using the modified universal functional activity coefficient (UNIFAC) model and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state. The Gibbs free energy minimization is performed through the minimization algorithm based on Sequential Least SQuares Programming (SLSQP) available in the Python environment. The research aims at providing an engineering predictive tool to support the design of biomass hydrothermal liquefaction and optimize its operation.

ACS Style

Alessandro Cascioli; Marco Baratieri. Enhanced thermodynamic modelling for hydrothermal liquefaction. Fuel 2021, 298, 120796 .

AMA Style

Alessandro Cascioli, Marco Baratieri. Enhanced thermodynamic modelling for hydrothermal liquefaction. Fuel. 2021; 298 ():120796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Cascioli; Marco Baratieri. 2021. "Enhanced thermodynamic modelling for hydrothermal liquefaction." Fuel 298, no. : 120796.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2020 in Energies
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Combined heat and power systems (CHP) produce heat and electricity simultaneously. Their resulting high efficiency makes them more attractive from the energy managers’ perspective than other conventional thermal systems. Although heat is a by-product of the electricity generation process, system operators usually operate CHP systems to satisfy heat demand. Electricity generation from CHP is thus driven by the heat demand, which follows the variability of seasonal temperature, and thus is not always correlated with the fluctuation of electricity demand. Consequently, from the perspective of the electricity grid operator, CHP systems can be seen as a non-controllable energy source similar to other renewable energy sources such as solar, wind or hydro. In this study, we investigate how ‘non-controllable’ electricity generation from CHP systems combines with ‘non-controllable’ electricity generation from solar photovoltaic panels (PV) and run-of-the river (RoR) hydropower at a district level. Only these three energy sources are considered within a 100% renewable mix scenario. Energy mixes with different shares of CHP, solar and RoR are evaluated regarding their contribution to total energy supply and their capacity to reduce generation variability. This analysis is carried out over an ensemble of seventeen catchments in North Eastern Italy located along a climate transect ranging from high elevation and snow dominated head-water catchments to rain-fed and wet basins at lower elevations. Results show that at a district scale, integration of CHP systems with solar photovoltaic and RoR hydropower leads to higher demand satisfaction and lower variability of the electricity balance. Results also show that including CHP in the energy mix modifies the optimal relative share between solar and RoR power generation. Results are consistent across the climate transect. For some districts, using the electricity from CHP might also be a better solution than building energy storage for solar PV.

ACS Style

Handriyanti Diah Puspitarini; Baptiste François; Marco Baratieri; Casey Brown; Mattia Zaramella; Marco Borga. Complementarity between Combined Heat and Power Systems, Solar PV and Hydropower at a District Level: Sensitivity to Climate Characteristics along an Alpine Transect. Energies 2020, 13, 4156 .

AMA Style

Handriyanti Diah Puspitarini, Baptiste François, Marco Baratieri, Casey Brown, Mattia Zaramella, Marco Borga. Complementarity between Combined Heat and Power Systems, Solar PV and Hydropower at a District Level: Sensitivity to Climate Characteristics along an Alpine Transect. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Handriyanti Diah Puspitarini; Baptiste François; Marco Baratieri; Casey Brown; Mattia Zaramella; Marco Borga. 2020. "Complementarity between Combined Heat and Power Systems, Solar PV and Hydropower at a District Level: Sensitivity to Climate Characteristics along an Alpine Transect." Energies 13, no. 16: 4156.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2020 in Applied Energy
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Assessing kinetic parameters of hydrothermal carbonization still requires several tests and time-consuming analyses, usually relying on few data points. With a view to containing the experimental effort and testing the accuracy of models based on continuum curves, high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry was used for the first time to assess the heat release profile, the overall enthalpy change, and the kinetic parameters of a hydrothermal carbonization process in two substrates: digestate and sludge. The process-related thermal effect was established from the difference between the calorimetric curves for the unreacted samples during a first run and for the reacted samples obtained through a second run. The parameters of a kinetic model built on the Arrhenius reaction were adjusted on the basis of the calorimetric curves, adopting an nth-order and an autocatalytic reaction model. Activation energy values of 139.16 and 161.68 kJ/mol, pre-exponential factors around 2.15 × 1011 and 2.52 × 1014 s−1, reaction orders of about 2.68 and 2.46, and R2 values of 0.86 and 0.94 were obtained for digestate and sludge, respectively. Results were consistent with the available literature. Autocatalysis was negligible for both substrates, so the process could be modeled effectively as a single Arrhenius nth-order reaction with significant loss of precision. Coupled with more traditional approaches, this newly-proposed method may pave the way to describing the set of reactions taking place during hydrothermal carbonization by means of their enthalpy values, improving our knowledge of the process’s chemistry and kinetics.

ACS Style

Matteo Pecchi; Francesco Patuzzi; Vittoria Benedetti; Rosa Di Maggio; Marco Baratieri. Kinetic analysis of hydrothermal carbonization using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry applied to biomass. Applied Energy 2020, 265, 114810 .

AMA Style

Matteo Pecchi, Francesco Patuzzi, Vittoria Benedetti, Rosa Di Maggio, Marco Baratieri. Kinetic analysis of hydrothermal carbonization using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry applied to biomass. Applied Energy. 2020; 265 ():114810.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Pecchi; Francesco Patuzzi; Vittoria Benedetti; Rosa Di Maggio; Marco Baratieri. 2020. "Kinetic analysis of hydrothermal carbonization using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry applied to biomass." Applied Energy 265, no. : 114810.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Waste Management
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In the South-Tyrol region (Italy), 46 gasifiers are currently operating and €200,000 are annually paid to dispose of as a waste 1300 tons of char. Therefore, there is a considerable interest in finding alternatives for the valorization of this solid by-product. The aim of this work is to assess the potential of char as energy source and to compare two scenarios. The first scenario considers the possibility of exploiting char in a dedicated burner integrated in the gasification plant. The second scenario assumes that all the char is collected from South-Tyrol and co-fired with biomass in an existing combustion-ORC plant. An economic analysis was performed evaluating the discounted payback time and both scenarios were modeled using Aspen Plus®. The results reveal that substantial savings in the operating costs of the plants can be achieved. In the first scenario the owners of the gasification plants could save from 50% to 94% of the char disposal costs with a payback time ranging between 3 and 7 years. In the second scenario, the owner of the plant could save approximately €235 k per year with a payback time of approximately 7 years. The present study provides a basis for further techno-economic studies on char combustion. The results can be helpful for the owners of the gasification plants in determining the most cost-effective way to dispose char and to avoid disposing it of as a waste. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how char could be used as a renewable fuel, with better performance than raw biomass.

ACS Style

Stefano Piazzi; Xiaolei Zhang; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. Techno-economic assessment of turning gasification-based waste char into energy: A case study in South-Tyrol. Waste Management 2020, 105, 550 -559.

AMA Style

Stefano Piazzi, Xiaolei Zhang, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri. Techno-economic assessment of turning gasification-based waste char into energy: A case study in South-Tyrol. Waste Management. 2020; 105 ():550-559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Piazzi; Xiaolei Zhang; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. 2020. "Techno-economic assessment of turning gasification-based waste char into energy: A case study in South-Tyrol." Waste Management 105, no. : 550-559.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Materials
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The main purpose of this work is to investigate the application options of the char produced from gasification plants. Two promising mesoporous acidic catalysts were synthesized using char as a support material. Two char samples were collected from either a dual-stage or a rising co-current biomass gasification plant. The catalysts produced from both gasification char samples were characterized for their physiochemical and morphological properties using N2 physorption measurement, total acidity evaluation through TPD-NH3, functional groups analysis by FT-IR, and morphology determination via FESEM. Results revealed that the dual-stage char-derived mesoporous catalyst (DSC-SO4) with higher specific surface area and acidic properties provided higher catalytic activity for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production from waste cooking oil (WCO) than the mesoporous catalyst obtained from char produced by rising co-current gasification (RCC-SO4). Furthermore, the effects of methanol/oil molar ratio (3:1–15:1), catalyst concentration (1–5 wt.% of oil), and reaction time (30–150 min) were studied while keeping the transesterification temperature constant at 65 °C. The optimal reaction conditions for the transesterification of WCO were 4 wt.% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, and 90 min operating time. The optimized reaction conditions resulted in FAME conversions of 97% and 83% over DSC-SO4 and RCC-SO4 catalysts, respectively. The char-based catalysts show excellent reusability, since they could be reused six times without any modification.

ACS Style

Junaid Ahmad; Umer Rashid; Francesco Patuzzi; Nahla Alamoodi; Thomas Shean Yaw Choong; Soroush Soltani; Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai; Imededdine Arbi Nehdi; Marco Baratieri. Mesoporous Acidic Catalysts Synthesis from Dual-Stage and Rising Co-Current Gasification Char: Application for FAME Production from Waste Cooking Oil. Materials 2020, 13, 871 .

AMA Style

Junaid Ahmad, Umer Rashid, Francesco Patuzzi, Nahla Alamoodi, Thomas Shean Yaw Choong, Soroush Soltani, Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai, Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, Marco Baratieri. Mesoporous Acidic Catalysts Synthesis from Dual-Stage and Rising Co-Current Gasification Char: Application for FAME Production from Waste Cooking Oil. Materials. 2020; 13 (4):871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junaid Ahmad; Umer Rashid; Francesco Patuzzi; Nahla Alamoodi; Thomas Shean Yaw Choong; Soroush Soltani; Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai; Imededdine Arbi Nehdi; Marco Baratieri. 2020. "Mesoporous Acidic Catalysts Synthesis from Dual-Stage and Rising Co-Current Gasification Char: Application for FAME Production from Waste Cooking Oil." Materials 13, no. 4: 871.

Article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
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A remarkable number of scientific papers are available in the literature about the process of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), also called wet or hydrous pyrolysis, applied to biomass substrates. However, the biggest share of it focuses on the characterization of HTC products obtained from different feedstocks. Only a few works are available on the process thermodynamics, particularly about the determination of the enthalpy change and the related heat release or absorption during HTC, which is a key parameter to understand the nature of the process and to evaluate the heat requirements for the design of industrial scale HTC plants. The present review summarizes the research carried out with the aim of assessing the process enthalpy for HTC. Two main approaches have been identified and described, and the research works are sorted into two categories: enthalpy calculation based on the direct application of the Hess’s law and enthalpy evaluation based on differential heat measurement. The hypotheses and results obtained by the different authors are critically analysed and discussed, and directions for further research are proposed.

ACS Style

Matteo Pecchi; Francesco Patuzzi; Daniele Basso; Marco Baratieri. Enthalpy change during hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a critical review. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2019, 141, 1251 -1262.

AMA Style

Matteo Pecchi, Francesco Patuzzi, Daniele Basso, Marco Baratieri. Enthalpy change during hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a critical review. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2019; 141 (4):1251-1262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Pecchi; Francesco Patuzzi; Daniele Basso; Marco Baratieri. 2019. "Enthalpy change during hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: a critical review." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 141, no. 4: 1251-1262.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Energies
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Tar formation hinders the development of biomass gasification technologies. The use of pyrolytic char as a catalyst for removing tar has been widely investigated; its large specific surface area and pores distribution make it a good candidate for the cracking of heavy hydrocarbons. The present work assesses the catalytic activity of char from a commercial gasifier. Thermal degradation tests in N2 and in CO2 proved that the char is suitable for high-temperature applications (catalytic cracking) and showed release of CO and H2, which might affect the catalytic performance of the char when used for tar removal applications. For inspecting the potential of the char for tar removal, toluene was chosen as model tar. Through GC-FID, toluene removal efficiency and the amount of benzene produced from its decomposition were evaluated. Tests up to 1273 K resulted in tar removal efficiencies as high as 99.0%, and empty reactor tests allowed for discerning the effects of thermal and catalytic cracking. The catalytic activity of the char was more pronounced at 1173 K, as char increased the toluene removal efficiency from 39.9% (empty reactor) to 60.3%. The results confirmed that gasification char, like pyrolytic char, has a high potential for catalytic tar removal applications.

ACS Style

Eleonora Cordioli; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. Thermal and Catalytic Cracking of Toluene Using Char from Commercial Gasification Systems. Energies 2019, 12, 3764 .

AMA Style

Eleonora Cordioli, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri. Thermal and Catalytic Cracking of Toluene Using Char from Commercial Gasification Systems. Energies. 2019; 12 (19):3764.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Cordioli; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. 2019. "Thermal and Catalytic Cracking of Toluene Using Char from Commercial Gasification Systems." Energies 12, no. 19: 3764.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Fuel Processing Technology
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A reliable and reproducible procedure for the determination of the heat release rate profile and for the enthalpy change of the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process is applied using High Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HP-DSC). Cellulose, wood, and digestate are used as feedstocks. The temperature program is run once to let the process complete in the first run, whereas in the second the thermal effect of products is assessed. A provisional heat release profile is obtained subtracting the two curves, with a very high reproducibility (standard deviations between 1.8 and 8.0%). To consider the heat capacity difference between reactants and products, a baseline is computed and subtracted from the heat release profile. The integral of this curve gives the enthalpy change associated to HTC, which was −0.88, −0.64, and −0.25 MJ/kg for cellulose, wood and digestate respectively. This methodology can be adopted for the development of accurate thermal-based HTC kinetics.

ACS Style

Matteo Pecchi; Francesco Patuzzi; Vittoria Benedetti; Rosa Di Maggio; Marco Baratieri. Thermodynamics of hydrothermal carbonization: Assessment of the heat release profile and process enthalpy change. Fuel Processing Technology 2019, 197, 106206 .

AMA Style

Matteo Pecchi, Francesco Patuzzi, Vittoria Benedetti, Rosa Di Maggio, Marco Baratieri. Thermodynamics of hydrothermal carbonization: Assessment of the heat release profile and process enthalpy change. Fuel Processing Technology. 2019; 197 ():106206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Pecchi; Francesco Patuzzi; Vittoria Benedetti; Rosa Di Maggio; Marco Baratieri. 2019. "Thermodynamics of hydrothermal carbonization: Assessment of the heat release profile and process enthalpy change." Fuel Processing Technology 197, no. : 106206.

Original paper
Published: 11 June 2019 in Waste and Biomass Valorization
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Fixed-bed biomass gasification coupled with internal combustion engines allows an efficient exploitation of biomass for the combined production of heat and power (CHP) at small scale with increased economic viability with respect to combustion-based CHP systems. The main barrier on the way towards a wider market distribution is represented by the fact that a robust practical operation of state-of-the-art fixed-bed biomass gasification systems is limited to very specific fuel properties and steady-state operation. The aim of this work is twofold. On the one hand, it presents the results of a series of test runs performed in a monitored commercial plant under different process conditions, in order to assess its behaviour during load modulation and fuel property variations. On the other hand, an in-house developed thermodynamic equilibrium model was applied to predict the behaviour of the gasification reactor. This gasification model could be used for the development of a model-based control strategy in order to increase the performance of the small-scale gasification system. To assess the general operational behaviour of the whole gasification system an experimental one-week-long test run has been performed by BIOENERGY 2020+ and the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano as round robin test. The plant has been tested under different operating conditions, in particular, varying the load of the engine and the moisture content of the feedstock. The outcomes shown in the present work provide a unique indication about the behaviour of a small-scale fix-bed gasifier working in conditions different from the nominal ones.

ACS Style

Daniele Antolini; Clemens Hollenstein; Stefan Martini; Francesco Patuzzi; Christopher Zemann; Wolfgang Felsberger; Marco Baratieri; Markus Gölles. Assessment of the Behaviour of a Commercial Gasification Plant During Load Modulation and Feedstock Moisture Variation. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2019, 11, 599 -612.

AMA Style

Daniele Antolini, Clemens Hollenstein, Stefan Martini, Francesco Patuzzi, Christopher Zemann, Wolfgang Felsberger, Marco Baratieri, Markus Gölles. Assessment of the Behaviour of a Commercial Gasification Plant During Load Modulation and Feedstock Moisture Variation. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2019; 11 (2):599-612.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Antolini; Clemens Hollenstein; Stefan Martini; Francesco Patuzzi; Christopher Zemann; Wolfgang Felsberger; Marco Baratieri; Markus Gölles. 2019. "Assessment of the Behaviour of a Commercial Gasification Plant During Load Modulation and Feedstock Moisture Variation." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 2: 599-612.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Fuel
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This article investigates the potential of biomass gasification to utilize CO2 as feed with the conventional air-gasification system for the conversion of carbondioxide to carbonmonoxide and thus enable the participation of CO2 in the fuel-making process. The effects air-CO2 gasification are examined in a reverse downdraft gasifier at varying total flux with constant CO2-N2 molar ratio (XCO2/XN2∼0.2) and at constant air flux with varying CO2 flux. The set of experiments show the suitability of CO2 reuse in biomass gasification process and identifies the maximum possible CO2 conversion for air gasification. A direct consequence of air-CO2 gasification is observed on the biomass flux, with a 20–30% reduction in the biomass consumption rate compared to air-gasification mode. In the case of air-CO2 gasification at XCO2/XN2∼0.2, the maximum CO2 conversion is observed at a reactant flux of 0.134 kg m−2 s−1, above which the additional CO2 does not engage in the formation of CO. In this regard, the CO2 conversion is limited by the char yield, which tends towards its complete utilization with an increasing flux and is designated as the zone of carbon boundary point. CO2 injection results in char consumption by the diffusion dominated oxidation and the kinetic controlled Boudouard reaction, resulting in higher char conversion compared to air gasification. Moreover, though the gas calorific value decreases by 10–25% for air-CO2 gasification, the specific energy output increases owing to lower biomass flux and higher carbon conversion. The observations for air-CO2 gasification at XCO2/XN2∼0.2are also supported by analyzing the yields and conversion at fixed air flux and varying CO2 flux. The choice of reactant fluxes used in this study enables the selection of appropriate fluxes in the scale-up process.

ACS Style

Daniele Antolini; Snehesh Shivananda Ail; Francesco Patuzzi; Maurizio Grigiante; Marco Baratieri. Experimental investigations of air-CO2 biomass gasification in reversed downdraft gasifier. Fuel 2019, 253, 1473 -1481.

AMA Style

Daniele Antolini, Snehesh Shivananda Ail, Francesco Patuzzi, Maurizio Grigiante, Marco Baratieri. Experimental investigations of air-CO2 biomass gasification in reversed downdraft gasifier. Fuel. 2019; 253 ():1473-1481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Antolini; Snehesh Shivananda Ail; Francesco Patuzzi; Maurizio Grigiante; Marco Baratieri. 2019. "Experimental investigations of air-CO2 biomass gasification in reversed downdraft gasifier." Fuel 253, no. : 1473-1481.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2019 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Char is the solid by-product of biomass gasification. It usually represents a cost for plant owners, who have to dispose of it at a cost. However, its high carbon content and surface area could make it suitable for further applications, such as adsorption. In this work, we studied its potential for the adsorptive removal of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a common pollutant present in the producer gas of gasification, as well as in biogas from anaerobic digestion. Different samples of char collected from commercial gasification plants in South Tyrol (Italy) were tested. The adsorption was reproduced in a lab-scale tubular fixed-bed reactor. The results highlight that all samples could capture hydrogen sulphide, showing different adsorption performances. The materials’ specific surface area and metal and oxygen content seem to affect the removal capacity. After these tests, we selected the best-performing char, and tested its adsorption performance in different operative conditions, i.e. at different inlet concentrations of H2S and temperatures.

ACS Style

Filippo Marchelli; Eleonora Cordioli; Francesco Patuzzi; Elena Sisani; Linda Barelli; Marco Baratieri; Elisabetta Arato; Barbara Bosio. Experimental study on H2S adsorption on gasification char under different operative conditions. Biomass and Bioenergy 2019, 126, 106 -116.

AMA Style

Filippo Marchelli, Eleonora Cordioli, Francesco Patuzzi, Elena Sisani, Linda Barelli, Marco Baratieri, Elisabetta Arato, Barbara Bosio. Experimental study on H2S adsorption on gasification char under different operative conditions. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2019; 126 ():106-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filippo Marchelli; Eleonora Cordioli; Francesco Patuzzi; Elena Sisani; Linda Barelli; Marco Baratieri; Elisabetta Arato; Barbara Bosio. 2019. "Experimental study on H2S adsorption on gasification char under different operative conditions." Biomass and Bioenergy 126, no. : 106-116.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2019 in Journal of CO2 Utilization
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The carbonaceous by-product of biomass gasification processes is known as char. Although nowadays char is treated as a waste, it could be valorized as cheap precursor for activated carbons (ACs) due to their similarities in terms of physical-chemical properties and mechanism of formation. In particular, this study wants to assess char suitability as substitute/precursor of AC for CO2 adsorption. Five chars were taken from five different commercial biomass gasifiers installed in South-Tyrol (Italy) and characterized through elemental analysis, physisorption analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. CO2 adsorption/desorption capacity of chars were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and their performances were compared with two commercial ACs selected as reference. The effects of adsorption temperature (Tads = 50– 75–100 °C), CO2 concentration (CO2:N2 = 1:1– 1:4), chemical activation (with KOH or ZnCl2), and adsorption cycles were investigated. The highest uptake (3.7%) was measured for char activated with KOH, at Tads =50 °C and CO2:N2 = 1:1.

ACS Style

Vittoria Benedetti; Eleonora Cordioli; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. CO2 Adsorption study on pure and chemically activated chars derived from commercial biomass gasifiers. Journal of CO2 Utilization 2019, 33, 46 -54.

AMA Style

Vittoria Benedetti, Eleonora Cordioli, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri. CO2 Adsorption study on pure and chemically activated chars derived from commercial biomass gasifiers. Journal of CO2 Utilization. 2019; 33 ():46-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vittoria Benedetti; Eleonora Cordioli; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. 2019. "CO2 Adsorption study on pure and chemically activated chars derived from commercial biomass gasifiers." Journal of CO2 Utilization 33, no. : 46-54.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2019 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Internal combustion engines are well spread in traditional power-generation systems: given their reliability, low-cost and performance it is desirable to avoid their full substitution in the short term, but, rather, to rely on the reduction of their environmental impact. This can be achieved by implementing solutions that involve minor modifications on the devices, such as the use of different fuels. In this work, the fossil fuels replacement approach has been applied to a micro-cogeneration system based on a small water-cooled compression ignition engine. The effect of bioethanol introduction as a diesel substitute in six diesel-biodiesel blends has been studied in terms of performances of the whole energy-conversion system and of the exhaust gas emissions. Positive results have been obtained showing that with a small amount (3%) of bioethanol, enhancements can be fulfilled both on performances (with approximately an average 13%-boost of the electrical and thermal efficiency) and emissions (reaching nearly a 80% of smoke opacity reduction).

ACS Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Marco Bietresato; Marco Baratieri. Experimental investigation on the effects of bioethanol addition in diesel-biodiesel blends on emissions and performances of a micro-cogeneration system. Energy Conversion and Management 2019, 185, 55 -65.

AMA Style

Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi, Marco Bietresato, Marco Baratieri. Experimental investigation on the effects of bioethanol addition in diesel-biodiesel blends on emissions and performances of a micro-cogeneration system. Energy Conversion and Management. 2019; 185 ():55-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Marco Bietresato; Marco Baratieri. 2019. "Experimental investigation on the effects of bioethanol addition in diesel-biodiesel blends on emissions and performances of a micro-cogeneration system." Energy Conversion and Management 185, no. : 55-65.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Applied Energy
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ACS Style

Vittoria Benedetti; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. Characterization of char from biomass gasification and its similarities with activated carbon in adsorption applications. Applied Energy 2018, 227, 92 -99.

AMA Style

Vittoria Benedetti, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri. Characterization of char from biomass gasification and its similarities with activated carbon in adsorption applications. Applied Energy. 2018; 227 ():92-99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vittoria Benedetti; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. 2018. "Characterization of char from biomass gasification and its similarities with activated carbon in adsorption applications." Applied Energy 227, no. : 92-99.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2018 in Bioresource Technology
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This work introduces the process of Frictional Torrefaction and comes as a continuation to the previous work done on Frictional Pyrolysis, which is a novel method of pyrolysis that does not utilize heat but only friction and pressure. Both processes (i.e. Frictional Torrefaction and Frictional Pyrolysis) take place in a Rotary Compression Unit without and with a reflux condenser respectively. Rotating augers are used for the development of friction and the simultaneous increase of pressure. The following types of analysis were performed: TGA, BET, CHNS and HHV. Both products have similar heating values, around 21 MJ/kg. The elemental compositions are comparable but lower hydrogen content (3.5%) was measured for Frictional Torrefaction. BET analysis showed differences on the surface areas and porous sizes of the materials. Frictional Torrefaction has higher fixed carbon (31.23% vs 28.31%), higher surface area (58.16 m2/g vs 36.88 m2/g) and higher absorbance (35 cm3/g vs 26 cm3/g).

ACS Style

Stergios Vakalis; Robert Heimann; Junaid Ahmad; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. The case of Frictional Torrefaction and the effect of reflux condensation on the operation of the Rotary Compression Unit. Bioresource Technology 2018, 268, 91 -96.

AMA Style

Stergios Vakalis, Robert Heimann, Junaid Ahmad, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri. The case of Frictional Torrefaction and the effect of reflux condensation on the operation of the Rotary Compression Unit. Bioresource Technology. 2018; 268 ():91-96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stergios Vakalis; Robert Heimann; Junaid Ahmad; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri. 2018. "The case of Frictional Torrefaction and the effect of reflux condensation on the operation of the Rotary Compression Unit." Bioresource Technology 268, no. : 91-96.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2018 in Applied Energy
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The results of birch wood pyrolysis are presented providing details on the gas, liquid and char mass production rates as a function of temperature from 25 °C to 500 °C. Quantitative measurements, using a Kr tracer, were taken from the center of a sphere sample enabling insight into the product gas formation profiles over the same temperature range. A unique calculation methodology was developed to combine data from TG measurements, quantitative GC measurements of the gaseous chemical species and ultimate analysis of the char product enabling the elucidation of the energetics of the pyrolysis process as a function of temperature. Precise calculations based on the measurements of gas, liquid and char production rates demonstrated the pyrolysis of birch wood transitions from endothermic to exothermic conditions at 280 °C. The reactions maintain an exothermic character until 480 °C then return to an endothermic nature at 500 °C. Changes in gas, char and liquid elemental compositions, plotted as a Van Krevelen diagram, indicated as temperature increases char and liquids trend toward lower O/C and H/C ratios. However, the gaseous H/C decreased slightly from 1.7 to 1.45 yet the O/C increased dramatically from 0.3 to 2.0.

ACS Style

Simona Ciuta; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri; Marco J. Castaldi. Enthalpy changes during pyrolysis of biomass: Interpretation of intraparticle gas sampling. Applied Energy 2018, 228, 1985 -1993.

AMA Style

Simona Ciuta, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri, Marco J. Castaldi. Enthalpy changes during pyrolysis of biomass: Interpretation of intraparticle gas sampling. Applied Energy. 2018; 228 ():1985-1993.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simona Ciuta; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri; Marco J. Castaldi. 2018. "Enthalpy changes during pyrolysis of biomass: Interpretation of intraparticle gas sampling." Applied Energy 228, no. : 1985-1993.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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ACS Style

Stergios Vakalis; F. Patuzzi; Konstantinos Moustakas; A. Sotiropoulos; D. Malamis; M. Baratieri. Analysis of tar compounds and quantification of naphthalene from thermal treatment of household biowaste. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 216, 153 -159.

AMA Style

Stergios Vakalis, F. Patuzzi, Konstantinos Moustakas, A. Sotiropoulos, D. Malamis, M. Baratieri. Analysis of tar compounds and quantification of naphthalene from thermal treatment of household biowaste. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 216 ():153-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stergios Vakalis; F. Patuzzi; Konstantinos Moustakas; A. Sotiropoulos; D. Malamis; M. Baratieri. 2018. "Analysis of tar compounds and quantification of naphthalene from thermal treatment of household biowaste." Journal of Environmental Management 216, no. : 153-159.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2018 in Energies
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Grape marc is a residue of the wine-making industry, nowadays not always effectively valorized. It consists of grape seeds (mostly lignocellulosic) and grape skins (mostly holocellulosic). In order to understand possible correlations between seeds and skins in forming hydrochar for it to be used as a solid biofuel, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was applied separately to grape marc and its constituents. HTC was performed at several process conditions (temperature: 180, 220 and 250 °C; reaction time: 0.5, 1, 3 and 8 h), in order to collect data on the three phases formed downstream of the process: solid (hydrochar), liquid and gas. An in deep analytical characterization was performed: ultimate analysis and calorific value for hydrochar, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (IPC) analyses for liquid phase, composition for gas phase. In previous works, the same experimental apparatus was used to treat residual biomass, obtaining interesting results in terms of possible hydrochar exploitation as a solid biofuel. Thus, the main objectives of this work were both to get results for validating the hypothesis to apply HTC to this feedstock, and to collect data for subsequent theoretical investigations. Moreover, a severity model was developed to allow a predictive description of the hydrochar yield as a function of a unique parameter condensing both temperature and reaction time effects. The results obtained demonstrate that this process can upgrade wet residues into a solid biofuel ad that the process can be satisfactorily described in terms of a severity factor.

ACS Style

Daniele Basso; Elsa Weiss-Hortala; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri; Luca Fiori. In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization. Energies 2018, 11, 1379 .

AMA Style

Daniele Basso, Elsa Weiss-Hortala, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri, Luca Fiori. In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization. Energies. 2018; 11 (6):1379.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Basso; Elsa Weiss-Hortala; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri; Luca Fiori. 2018. "In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization." Energies 11, no. 6: 1379.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Energy Conversion and Management
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ACS Style

Junaid Ahmad; Umer Rashid; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri; Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. Synthesis of char-based acidic catalyst for methanolysis of waste cooking oil: An insight into a possible valorization pathway for the solid by-product of gasification. Energy Conversion and Management 2018, 158, 186 -192.

AMA Style

Junaid Ahmad, Umer Rashid, Francesco Patuzzi, Marco Baratieri, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. Synthesis of char-based acidic catalyst for methanolysis of waste cooking oil: An insight into a possible valorization pathway for the solid by-product of gasification. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018; 158 ():186-192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junaid Ahmad; Umer Rashid; Francesco Patuzzi; Marco Baratieri; Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. 2018. "Synthesis of char-based acidic catalyst for methanolysis of waste cooking oil: An insight into a possible valorization pathway for the solid by-product of gasification." Energy Conversion and Management 158, no. : 186-192.