Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei, endemic to the central Sahara in Algeria, Niger, and Sudan, is recognized for its therapeutic and nutritional benefits, notably its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and biological activities of its leaf extracts obtained via aqueous and ethanolic extraction. Total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins were quantified by UV–visible spectrophotometry, while individual phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-UV. Antioxidant capacity was measured using DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide neutralization, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against nine bacterial strains. The ethanolic extract exhibited higher total phenol (134.72 ± 9.25 mg GAE/g VP) and flavonoid (26.08 ± 1.57 mg QE/g VP) contents, while tannin levels were similar in both extracts. Twenty-seven phenolic compounds, including oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, rutin, and quercetin, were identified. The ethanolic extract showed superior antioxidant capacity, with an EC₅₀ of 7.48 ± 0.39 µg/mL (DPPH) and IC₅₀ values of 214.04 ± 2.89 µg/mL (H₂O₂) and 185.63 ± 3.84 µg/mL (β-carotene). Both extracts exhibited antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones up to 23.33 ± 0.76 mm and MIC values as low as 0.78 mg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of Laperrine olive leaves as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

Medicinal plants are increasingly explored as sources of anticancer compounds, and Verbascum sinuatum L. has gained attention for its rich phytochemical profile. This study evaluated the antimitotic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of its leaf extract and flavonoid aqueous and butanolic fractions. HPLC-UV analysis identified 16 phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids such as catechin, luteolin, and quercetin. Both fractions showed high flavonoid content (97.70 ± 0.02 μg QE/mL and 95.43 ± 0.01 μg QE/mL). Using the Allium cepa assay, all samples reduced the mitotic index, with a stronger effect at the higher concentration of the aqueous extract (42.20 ± 2.44% and 31.00 ± 2.50% at 4 and 10 mg/mL, respectively), and the butanolic fraction reducing it to 47.20 ± 1.03%, comparable to quercetin (44.40 ± 0.72%), while the aqueous flavonoid fraction showed a milder effect (70.00 ± 0.75%). All treatments induced chromosomal abnormalities, highest in the aqueous extract and butanolic fraction (24.52 ± 3.31%, 27.09 ± 3.63%, 26.51 ± 8.06%), whereas the aqueous flavonoid fraction showed lower genotoxicity (12.04 ± 2.83%). Cytotoxicity was more pronounced at the higher concentration of the aqueous extract (45.76 ± 2.64% and 33.61 ± 2.70%), moderate for the butanolic fraction (51.19 ± 1.29%), and lowest for the aqueous flavonoid fraction (75.92 ± 1.10%), indicating lower nonspecific toxicity in this plant model.