In Central Asian countries (CACs) atmosphere pollution is increasing due to population growth, economic growth, agricultural development, energy consumption and climate change. The countries of the region developed climate change adaptation strategies—Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). At the same time, regional integration, which should be a necessary condition for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the solving of general environmental problems, is not involved. This article shows the importance of a comprehensive analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere for the entire Central Asian region as a single ecosystem. The energy intensity of national economies structure was chosen as the main factor determining the level of pollution. The analysis shows that over the past 30 years, the main part of the commodity exports (73.6–81.4%) of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan has been fossil natural resources. There is a strong economic dependence on coal and other types of fuel, which leads to atmospheric emissions. The analysis shows that limited financial resources, lack of effective systemic monitoring and control of air quality that meets modern international requirements and standards, leads to absence of tangible changes in practice yet. Over 30 years in CACs, the share of CO₂ emissions associated with fuel combustion has not decreased and amounts to 78%. The key mechanisms for reducing atmospheric emissions are significantly increase investments in the transformation of the economies in the context of regional development, interstate cooperation, the introduction of environmental norms, standards harmonized with world ones, green technologies based on alternative energy, sustainable transport and logistics infrastructure.

This study investigates the seasonal variability of water quality in the Yelek River Basin, Western Kazakhstan, using data from 2010 to 2025 that combine remote sensing, GIS, and hydrochemical monitoring data. This research addresses growing pressures on river systems from both natural and anthropogenic factors. Archival records from Kazhydromet and recent field measurements were analysed for dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids (TSSs), and total dissolved solids (TDSs), while satellite indices (NDWI, NDTI) provided spatiotemporal insights into turbidity. The results show clear seasonal contrasts: total suspended solids and turbidity rise sharply during spring floods due to snowmelt and erosion; water quality declines during summer–autumn low-flow periods under intensified human influence; and partial recovery occurs in winter when ice cover stabilises flow. Dissolved oxygen consistently indicates moderate pollution, while total dissolved solids (TDSs) remains within the “clean” range. Integration of satellite data with field observations enabled the development of a turbidity model and highlighted the lower river reaches as most vulnerable, where total suspended solids exceeded permissible limits. The findings confirm the value of combining remote sensing and GIS with traditional monitoring to capture long-term river water dynamics. This approach offers practical tools for sustainable water management, informs regional environmental policies, and provides transferable insights for semi-arid transboundary basins in Central Asia.

The main reason for the deterioration of the ecological state of urbanized areas is the pollution of heavy metals due to their cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on all living organisms, including plants. Heavy metals directly affect plants and, penetrating them, disrupt their metabolism, reducing their productive qualities. In recent decades, the increase in the use of chromium (Cr) in a number of anthropogenic activities, as well as chromium contamination of soil and plants, is becoming increasingly alarming. It was found that chromium is very well absorbed in plants, and also accumulates in various parts of it (stem, root, leaf) and is stored there for a long time. Its environmental consequences inhibit the process of photosynthesis of the plant and negatively affect the growth and development of the plant. Plants are able to actively absorb chromium and retain its toxic properties for a long time, thereby having a long-term negative effect on the body. Signs of chromium toxicity in plants are a decrease in seed germination, a slowdown in growth, a decrease in productivity, inhibition of enzymatic activity, a violation of photosynthesis, an imbalance of nutrients and oxidation, and mutagenesis. In this article, monitoring of the ability of chromium to accumulate in the soil and vegetation of Aktobe city as a center of industrial, transport and social activity of Aktobe region was carried out. The article presents the results of an assessment of the state of the urban environment and the industrial zone by the degree of accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants. Questions about the ability of chromium to accumulate in the leaf, stem, and root systems of plants are discussed. Оcновнoй причинoй ухудшения экологического состояния урбанизированных территории является загрязнение тяжелыми металлами, обусловленное цитотоксичeским и мутагeнным действиeм на всe живыe oрганизмы, в тoм числе и на раcтeния. Тяжелые металлы непосредственно воздействуют на растения, проникая в них, нарушают обмен веществ, снижая их продуктивные качества. В последние десятилетия все большее беспокойство вызывает увеличение использования хрома (Cr) в ряде видов антропогенной деятельности, загрязнение почв и растений хромом. Установлено, что хром очень неплохо усваивается растениями, а также накапливается в различных его частях (стеблях, корнях, листьях) и продолжительно хранится в нем. Его экологические последствия негативно влияют на рост и развитие растения, тормозя процесс фотосинтеза растения. Растения могут активнo поглощать хром и долго сохранять свои токсичные свойства, тем самым оказывая длительное отрицательное влияние на организм. Признаками токсичности хрома у растений являются снижение всхожести семян, замедление роста, снижение урожайности, подавление ферментативной активности, нарушение фотосинтеза, дисбаланс питательных веществ, окисления и мутагенез. В данной статье исследованы почвы города Актобе как центра индустриальной, транспортной и социальной активности Актюбинской области. Проведен мониторинг общего содержания хрома в почвах урбанизированных территорий на примере Актобе. В статье представлены результаты оценки состояния городской среды и производственной зоны по степени накопления хрома в почве и растений. Обсуждаются вопросы о способности растений накапливать хром в листовой, стеблевой, корневых системах. Урбандалған аймақтардың экологиялық жағдайының нашарлауының негізгі себебі - ауыр металдардың барлық тірі организмдерге, соның ішінде өcімдіктерге цитотоксикалық және мутагендік әсеріне байланысты ластануы. Ауыр металдар өсімдіктерге тікелей әсер етеді және оларға еніп, метаболизмді бұзады, олардың өнімділік сапасын төмендетеді. Соңғы онжылдықтарда антропогендік әсердің бірқатар түрлерінде ауыр металдардың арасында хромды (Cr) пайдаланудың артуы, топырақ пен өсімдіктердің хроммен лаcтануы көбірек алаңдаушылық тудырып отыр. Хром өсімдіктерде өте жақсы сіңірілетіні, сонымен қатар оның сабағы, тамыры және жапырағында аккумилацияланады. Оның экологиялық...

In Central Asian countries (CACs) atmosphere pollution is increasing due to population growth, economic growth, agricultural development, energy consumption and climate change. The countries of region developed climate change adaptation strategies - Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). At the same time, regional integration, which should be a necessary condition for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the solving of general environmental problems, is not involved. This article shows the importance of a comprehensive analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere for the entire Central Asian region as a single ecosystem. The energy intensity of national economies structure was chosen as the main factor determining the level of pollution. The analysis shows that over the past 30 years, the main part of the commodity exports (73.6 - 81.4%) of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan has been fossil natural resources. There is a strong economic dependence on coal and other types of fuel, which leads to the atmospheric emissions. The analysis shows that limited financial resources, lack of effective systemic monitoring and control of air quality that meets modern international requirements and standards, leads to absence of tangible changes in practice yet. Over 30 years in CACs, the share of CO2 emissions associated with the fossil fuels combustion has not decreased and amounts to 78%. The key mechanisms for reducing atmospheric emissions are significantly increase investments in the transformation of the economies in the context of regional development, interstate cooperation, the introduction of environmental norms, standards harmonized with world ones, green technologies based on alternative energy, sustainable transport and logistics infrastructure.

This article discusses the quality of water resources in the Zhaiyk-Caspian water management basin under current conditions. An analysis of the main approach to assessing the quality of surface waters, implemented through the Unified Classification System, was conducted. Based on data for 2019-2023, it was found that most rivers correspond to quality classes 3-5. In 2023, in certain water bodies, such as Shagan, Derkol, Zhaiyk, and Elek, the quality class changed to 1 and 2. Priority pollutants were also identified, including magnesium, chlorides, ammonium nitrogen, phenols, hexavalent chromium and lead, whose indicators vary by sampling site and depend on the nature of water use. The results of the study are of interest to environmental monitoring and water resources management in the region.

The article analyzes the state of Kazakhstan’s water resources, shows that in recent years the flow of Trans Boundary Rivers has been decreasing. As a result, in the coming years, with the growth of thecountry’s economic potential, based on the development of rich mineral resources, fuel, energy and land resources, there will be a serious problem with water supply. The scarcity and irrational use of freshwater resources pose a serious threat to the sustainable development and protection of the country’s environment. The regulation of water use is of great importance in solving this problem. It is necessary to ensure the implementation of the Program for the rational use and protection of water resources in the context of large river basins by introducing new technologies for water supply and sanitation. The system of integrated water resources management should become the basis of the country’s interstate and interstate water management policy. At present, the countries of Central Asia are moving towards the introduction of the principles of sustainable development into strategic documents and public administration practices. Integrated water resources management is one of the tools for the transition to sustainable development. This article is a review of progress made in the planning and implementation of integrated water resources management. The article summarizes the problems, successes, and directions for further integration in the field of water resources management. It also examines the successes and enormous difficulties still facing the regions, in particular, the issues of trans boundary waters, where states have different views and priorities for water use. Берілген мaқaлaдa Қaзaқстaнның су ресурстaрының aхуaлы турaлы тaлдaу жaсaлынды және трaнсшекaрaлық өзендердің aғымы соңғы жылдaры aзaйғaны жөнінде мәліметтер келтірілген.Осының нәтижесінде келешекте минерaлды-шикізaт, отын-энергетикaлық және жер ресурстaрын игеру негізінде елдің экономикaлық әлеуетінің дaмуы бaрысындa сумен қaмтaмaсыз ету күрделі мәселесі туындaйды. Тұщы су ресурстaрының тaпшылығы және тиімсіз пaйдaлaнуы елдің тұрaқты дaмуынa және қоршaғaн ортaғa қaуіпін келтіреді. Бұл мәселені шешу бaрысындa су пaйдaлaнуды реттеудің үлкен мәні бaр. Сумен қaмтaмaсыз ету және су тaртудың жaңa технологиялaрын енгізу жолымен ірі өзендер бaссейнінің тілімінде су ресурстaрын тиімді пaйдaлaну және қорғaу Бaғдaрлaмaсын іске aсыру қaмтaмaсыз етілуі керек. Елдің мемлекетішілік және мемлекетaрaлық cу шaруaшылығының сaясaтының негізі болып су ресурстaры біріктірілуін бaсқaру жүйесі болукерек. Қaзіргі тaңдa Ортaлық Азия мемлекеттері стрaтегиялық құжaттaрғa және мемлекеттік бaсқaру тәжірибелеріне тұрaқты дaму принциптерін бірыңғaй енгізу жолындa тұр. Су ресурстaры біріктірілуінің бaсқaрылуы тұрaқты дaмуғa көшудің құрaлдaрының бірі болып тaбылaды. Берілген мaқaлaдa су ресурстaрын кешенді бaсқaру тәжірибесінде жоспaрлaнуыжәне пaйдaлaну сaлaсындaғы жетістіктерге шолу жaсaлғaн. Мaқaлaдa су ресурстaрын бaсқaру сaлaсындaғы кезекті біріктірулердің мәселелері, жетістіктері және бaғыттaры жиынтықтaлғaн.Сонымен бірге, мемлекеттердің судыпaйдaлaну мәселесінде әр түрлі көзқaрaстaрының және бaсым бaғыттaрының әр түрлі болуынa бaйлaнысты мемлекетіміздің кейбір aймaқтaрындa трaнсшекaрaлық сулaрды бaсқaру қиыншылықтaры дa қaрaстырылғaн. В стaтье проведен aнaлиз состояния водных ресурсов Кaзaхстaнa, покaзaно, что в последние годы все больше сокрaщaется сток трaнсгрaничных рек. В результaте чего уже в ближaйшие годы при росте экономического потенциaлa стрaны, основaнного нa освоении богaтых минерaльно- сырьевых, топливно-энергетических и земельных ресурсов, возникнет серьезнaя проблемa с водообеспечением. Нехвaткa и нерaционaльное использовaние ресурсов пресной воды создaют серьезную угрозу устойчивому рaзвитию и охрaне окружaющей среды стрaны. Огромноезнaчение в решении дaнной проблемы имеет регулировaние водопользовaния. Необходимо обеспечить реaлизaцию Прогрaммы рaционaльного использовaния и охрaны водных ресурсов врaзрезе бaссейнов крупных рек путем внедрения новых технологий...