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RaviC Nijbroek
International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya

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Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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This research paper examines multi-level governance structures and practices in Kenya as they relate to three interdependent agendas: climate change adaptation (CCA), disaster risk reduction (DRR), and land restoration (LR). We examine the governance landscape at county level and evaluate bridges and barriers to integration that are mediated by linkages across scales within Kenya's multi-level governance system. Based on analysis of qualitative data collected through key informant interviews and workshop discussions in three counties, we argue that subnational governance in Kenya has achieved elements of convergence among CCA, DRR, and LR. We refer to the interconnections among these three agendas and the synergies that can be realized through greater integration among them as the CDR nexus. The analysis indicates a highly decentralized stakeholder landscape, with a diverse mix ofnational, county, and civil society organizations providing leadership and funding that drives emergent CDR priorities. Convergence has been enabled by informal working platforms for inter-sectoral collaboration that have brought together national government, county government and civil society organizations, rather than through formal mechanisms of policy integration established in law. Maintaining integrative CDR practices while progressing on national priorities and commitments related to climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and land restoration is a fundamental governance challenge for the next decade.

ACS Style

Thomas A. Smucker; Martin Oulu; RaviC Nijbroek. Foundations for convergence: Sub-national collaboration at the nexus of climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and land restoration under multi-level governance in Kenya. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2020, 51, 101834 .

AMA Style

Thomas A. Smucker, Martin Oulu, RaviC Nijbroek. Foundations for convergence: Sub-national collaboration at the nexus of climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and land restoration under multi-level governance in Kenya. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020; 51 ():101834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas A. Smucker; Martin Oulu; RaviC Nijbroek. 2020. "Foundations for convergence: Sub-national collaboration at the nexus of climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and land restoration under multi-level governance in Kenya." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 51, no. : 101834.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2018 in Sustainability
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Recent estimates show that one third of the world’s land and water resources are highly or moderately degraded. Global economic losses from land degradation (LD) are as high as USD $10.6 trillion annually. These trends catalyzed a call for avoiding future LD, reducing ongoing LD, and reversing past LD, which has culminated in the adoption of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 15.3 which aims to achieve global land degradation neutrality (LDN) by 2030. The political momentum and increased body of scientific literature have led to calls for a ‘new science of LDN’ and highlighted the practical challenges of implementing LDN. The aim of the present study was to derive LDN soil organic carbon (SOC) stock baseline maps by comparing different digital soil mapping (DSM) methods and sampling densities in a case study (Otjozondjupa, Namibia) and evaluate each approach with respect to complexity, cost, and map accuracy. The mean absolute error (MAE) leveled off after 100 samples were included in the DSM models resulting in a cost tradeoff for additional soil sample collection. If capacity is sufficient, the random forest DSM method out-performed other methods, but the improvement from using this more complex method compared to interpolating the soil sample data by ordinary kriging was minimal. The lessons learned while developing the Otjozondjupa LDN SOC baseline provide valuable insights for others who are responsible for developing LDN baselines elsewhere.

ACS Style

RaviC Nijbroek; Kristin Piikki; Mats Söderström; Bas Kempen; Katrine Turner; Simeon Hengari; John Mutua. Soil Organic Carbon Baselines for Land Degradation Neutrality: Map Accuracy and Cost Tradeoffs with Respect to Complexity in Otjozondjupa, Namibia. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1610 .

AMA Style

RaviC Nijbroek, Kristin Piikki, Mats Söderström, Bas Kempen, Katrine Turner, Simeon Hengari, John Mutua. Soil Organic Carbon Baselines for Land Degradation Neutrality: Map Accuracy and Cost Tradeoffs with Respect to Complexity in Otjozondjupa, Namibia. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

RaviC Nijbroek; Kristin Piikki; Mats Söderström; Bas Kempen; Katrine Turner; Simeon Hengari; John Mutua. 2018. "Soil Organic Carbon Baselines for Land Degradation Neutrality: Map Accuracy and Cost Tradeoffs with Respect to Complexity in Otjozondjupa, Namibia." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1610.

Research article
Published: 15 September 2015 in International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
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Global food production will need to increase by 70–110% to meet the growing demand by 2050. Production per capita remains at 1960 levels in Africa while the agriculture sector accounts for 65% of full-time employment and 61% of rural households in Sub-Saharan Africa depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Globally there is new focus on increasing agricultural investments in Africa. There is a need, however, for understanding regional factors that influence the outcome of agricultural intensification beyond the landscape scale and below the global scale. This paper provides a framework for considering socioeconomic and environmental factors in evaluating suitability for agricultural intensification at the regional scale. The method employs a spatially explicit multi-criteria evaluation based on freely available data that can be applied in any geography. The focus is on the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania which has an area greater than 28 million hectares. These results indicate that the area considered most suitable for agricultural investment is different when considering multiple criteria compared to considering only potential yield. This approach is important for government planners, funding partners, and development agencies who seek sustainable agricultural intensification in Africa and elsewhere.

ACS Style

Ravic P. Nijbroek; Sandy Andelman. Regional suitability for agricultural intensification: a spatial analysis of the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2015, 14, 231 -247.

AMA Style

Ravic P. Nijbroek, Sandy Andelman. Regional suitability for agricultural intensification: a spatial analysis of the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2015; 14 (2):231-247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ravic P. Nijbroek; Sandy Andelman. 2015. "Regional suitability for agricultural intensification: a spatial analysis of the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 14, no. 2: 231-247.