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A novel mycovirus named Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi mitovirus 1 (FodMV1) has been identified infecting a strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi from Colombia. The genome of FodMV1 is 2313 nt long, and comprises a 172-nt 5’-UTR, a 2025-nt single ORF encoding an RdRp of 675 amino acid residues, and a 113-nt 3´-UTR. Homology BlastX searches identifies FodMV1 as a novel member of the genus Mitovirus in the family Narnaviridae. As the rest of mitoviruses, the genome of FodMV1 presents a high percentage of A+U (58.8%) and contains a number of UGA codons that encode the amino acid tryptophan rather than acting as stop codons as in the universal genetic code. Another common feature with other mitoviruses is that the 5′- and 3′-UTR regions of FodMV1 can be folded into potentially stable stem-loop structures. Result from phylogenetic analysis place FodMV1 in a different clade than the rest of mitoviruses described in other Fusarium spp. Incidence of FodMV1-infections in the collection of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi isolates analyzed is relatively high. Of particular interest is the fact that FodMV1 has been detected infecting isolates from two geographical areas as distant as Spain and Colombia.
Almudena Torres-Trenas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Characterization and Incidence of the First Member of the Genus Mitovirus Identified in the Phytopathogenic Species Fusarium oxysporum. Viruses 2020, 12, 279 .
AMA StyleAlmudena Torres-Trenas, Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Characterization and Incidence of the First Member of the Genus Mitovirus Identified in the Phytopathogenic Species Fusarium oxysporum. Viruses. 2020; 12 (3):279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmudena Torres-Trenas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. 2020. "Characterization and Incidence of the First Member of the Genus Mitovirus Identified in the Phytopathogenic Species Fusarium oxysporum." Viruses 12, no. 3: 279.
A novel mycovirus named Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi hypovirus 2 (FodHV2) has been identified infecting isolates Fod 408 and Fod 409 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi from Morocco. The genome of FodHV2 is 9,444 nucleotides long excluding the poly(A) tail, and has a single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein. The polyprotein contains three highly conserved domains of UDP glucose/sterol glucosyltransferase, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and viral RNA helicase. In addition, particular residues of Cys, Hys, and Gly detected in the N-terminal region suggest the presence of the catalytic site of a highly diverged papain-like protease. Genomic organization, presence of particular conserved motifs, and phylogenetic analyses based on multiple alignments clearly grouped FodHV2 with the members of the family Hypoviridae. FodHV2 was transferred by hyphal anastomosis to a recipient HygR-tagged virus-free strain. The comparison of the infected and non-infected isogenic strains showed that FodHV2 did not alter the vegetative growth, neither the conidiation nor the virulence of its fungal host. Efficiency of FodHV2 transmission through the conidia was 100% in both the original and the recipient infected-isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a hypovirus infecting the plant pathogen F. oxysporum, and also the first one of a hypovirus detected in a fungal strain from the African continent.
Almudena Torres-Trenas; M. Carmen Cañizares; M. Dolores García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Molecular and Biological Characterization of the First Hypovirus Identified in Fusarium oxysporum. Frontiers in Microbiology 2020, 10, 3131 .
AMA StyleAlmudena Torres-Trenas, M. Carmen Cañizares, M. Dolores García-Pedrajas, Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Molecular and Biological Characterization of the First Hypovirus Identified in Fusarium oxysporum. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020; 10 ():3131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmudena Torres-Trenas; M. Carmen Cañizares; M. Dolores García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. 2020. "Molecular and Biological Characterization of the First Hypovirus Identified in Fusarium oxysporum." Frontiers in Microbiology 10, no. : 3131.
Mycoviruses that induce hypovirulence in phytopathogenic fungi are interesting because their potential use as biological control agents of the plant diseases caused by their fungal hosts. The recently identified chrysovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 (FodV1) has been associated to the induction of hypovirulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, the forma specialis of F. oxysporum that causes vascular wilt in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). In this work, we have used confocal laser scanner microscopy and two isogenic GFP-labeled strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi infected (V+) and not infected (V−) with the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1, respectively, to analyze the effect of mycovirus FodV1 on the plant colonization pattern of its fungal host. Results demonstrate that FodV1-viral infection affects the speed and spatial distribution of fungal colonization into the plant. Initial stages of external root colonization were similar for both strains, but the virus-free strain colonized the internal plant tissues faster than the virus-infected strain. In addition, other differences related to the specific zone colonized and the density of colonization were observed between both F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi strains. The hyphae of both V− and V+ strains progressed up through the xylem vessels but differences in the number of vessels colonized and of hyphae inside them were found. Moreover, as colonization progressed, V− and V+ hyphae propagated horizontally reaching the central medulla but, while the virus-free strain V− densely colonized the interior of the medulla cells, the virus-infected strain V+ appeared mainly in the intercellular spaces and with a lower density of colonization. Finally, the incidence of FodV1-viral infections in a collection of 221 isolates sampled between 2008 and 2012 in the geographic area where the originally infected isolate was obtained has been also analyzed. The very low (<2%) incidence of viral infections is discussed here. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first microscopic evidence about the effect of a hypovirulence-inducing mycovirus on the pattern of plant colonization by its fungal host.
Almudena Torres-Trenas; Pilar Prieto; M. Carmen Cañizares; Maria D. García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2019, 9, 51 .
AMA StyleAlmudena Torres-Trenas, Pilar Prieto, M. Carmen Cañizares, Maria D. García-Pedrajas, Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2019; 9 ():51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmudena Torres-Trenas; Pilar Prieto; M. Carmen Cañizares; Maria D. García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. 2019. "Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 9, no. : 51.
Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 (FodV1) has been recently described infecting isolate Fod 116 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod). FodV1 is a new member of the family Chrysoviridae, and its genome consists of four dsRNA segments ranging from 2.6 to 3.5 kb. Presence of high levels of FodV1 in its original fungal host correlated with alteration of some phenotypic traits, including virulence. In this work we have analysed if FodV1 can be transferred horizontally to another Fod isolate by hyphal anastomosis, and vertically through conidiation, and if the mycovirus accumulates in the recipient isolate at similar levels that those found in the donor one. Moreover, we have investigated if the new virus-infected isolate reproduces the same phenotypic alterations that the original virus-infected does. Results indicated that FodV1 transfers horizontally between compatible isolates by hyphal anastomosis, reaching a high level of accumulation in the recipient isolate, and vertically during sporogenesis. Presence of FodV1 in the new fungal host reduced the growth rate and altered the morphology of the colony on solid medium, and diminished the conidiation rate in liquid medium. More interestingly, FodV1 induced hypovirulence in its new fungal host. Results contained in this work constitute the basis for further research on the application of mycovirus FodV1 to the control of Fusarium wilt diseases.
Carlos G. Lemus-Minor; M. Carmen Cañizares; Maria D. García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Horizontal and vertical transmission of the hypovirulence-associated mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2018, 153, 645 -650.
AMA StyleCarlos G. Lemus-Minor, M. Carmen Cañizares, Maria D. García-Pedrajas, Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Horizontal and vertical transmission of the hypovirulence-associated mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2018; 153 (2):645-650.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos G. Lemus-Minor; M. Carmen Cañizares; Maria D. García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. 2018. "Horizontal and vertical transmission of the hypovirulence-associated mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1." European Journal of Plant Pathology 153, no. 2: 645-650.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 (FodV1) was detected in isolate 116 (116V+) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, reaching such a high accumulation level that it was clearly visible after agarose gel electrophoresis of total DNA extracts. FodV1 consists of four double-stranded RNA segments that correspond to a new mycovirus in the Chrysoviridae family. We obtained an isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi 116 (116V−) with only a residual level of FodV1 RNA accumulation by single-conidia selection. Compared with 116V−, isolate 116V+ showed significant phenotypic alterations in vegetative growth and virulence. Thus, the presence of a high titer of mycovirus FodV1 was associated with a modified morphology and a reduced growth of the colonies on solid medium, and with a diminished conidiation in liquid medium. Inoculation of four susceptible carnation cultivars with either 116V− or 116V+ showed that the presence of a high titer of FodV1 was also correlated with a significantly reduced virulence of its fungal host. All of the results suggest that FodV1 could be associated with hypovirulence, identifying it as a potential biocontrol agent for Fusarium wilt of carnation. This is the first report of a mycovirus potentially associated with the induction of hypovirulence in the species F. oxysporum.
Carlos Germán Lemus-Minor; M. Carmen Cañizares; María Dolores García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 Accumulation Is Correlated with Changes in Virulence and Other Phenotypic Traits of Its Fungal Host. Phytopathology® 2018, 108, 957 -963.
AMA StyleCarlos Germán Lemus-Minor, M. Carmen Cañizares, María Dolores García-Pedrajas, Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 Accumulation Is Correlated with Changes in Virulence and Other Phenotypic Traits of Its Fungal Host. Phytopathology®. 2018; 108 (8):957-963.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Germán Lemus-Minor; M. Carmen Cañizares; María Dolores García-Pedrajas; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. 2018. "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 Accumulation Is Correlated with Changes in Virulence and Other Phenotypic Traits of Its Fungal Host." Phytopathology® 108, no. 8: 957-963.
A comprehensive survey on the prevalence and incidence of Verticillium wilt of olive in Turkey has been conducted over 6 years (2003–2008). Vegetative compatibility group (VCG) assessment and PCR-based molecular pathotyping were used to evaluate the distribution of the defoliating (D) and nondefoliating (ND) pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae in surveyed areas. Pathogen prevalence was 35% of all olive orchards inspected and incidence of the disease reached 3.1%. VCG1A was predominant (29.3%) and infected all major cultivars grown in Turkey. The other two VCGs detected (2A and 4B) were of minor relevance (4.9% and 0.9%, respectively). Disease incidence caused by VCG1A infections was higher (ranging from 1.1% to 6.9%) than that caused by VCG2A and VCG4B in 10 provinces (Manisa, Aydin, Kahramanmaras, Izmir, Mugla, Kilis, Denizli, Gaziantep, Mardin and Balikesir). However, VCG2A and 4B were more prevalent (and responsible for higher disease incidence) than VCG1A in three provinces (Hatay, Osmaniye and Bursa). Finally, VCG1A isolates were found in all provinces except Canakkale, and simultaneous presence of the three VCGs was only verified in Hatay province. An artificial inoculation bioassay (19 representative V. dahliae isolates included) revealed that VCG1A (13) isolates as a group were more aggressive and caused defoliation, whereas VCG2A (5) and VCG4B (1) isolates induced milder symptoms. Within a VCG group, virulence varied among isolates infecting the same olive cultivar and this virulence was also related to the differential susceptibility of the cultivars (‘Manzanilla’, ‘Ayvalik’ and ‘Gemlik’) tested. Molecular pathotyping allowed the identification of D (VCG1A) and ND (VCG2A/4B) pathotypes, which correlated with results from pathogenicity tests. Remarkably, the V. dahliae VCG1A/D pathotype population infecting olive in Turkey was molecularly different from that one previously identified in Spain.
Sibel Dervis; Jesús Mercado-Blanco; Latife Erten; Antonio Valverde-Corredor; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Verticillium wilt of olive in Turkey: a survey on disease importance, pathogen diversity and susceptibility of relevant olive cultivars. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2010, 127, 287 -301.
AMA StyleSibel Dervis, Jesús Mercado-Blanco, Latife Erten, Antonio Valverde-Corredor, Encarnación Pérez-Artés. Verticillium wilt of olive in Turkey: a survey on disease importance, pathogen diversity and susceptibility of relevant olive cultivars. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2010; 127 (2):287-301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSibel Dervis; Jesús Mercado-Blanco; Latife Erten; Antonio Valverde-Corredor; Encarnación Pérez-Artés. 2010. "Verticillium wilt of olive in Turkey: a survey on disease importance, pathogen diversity and susceptibility of relevant olive cultivars." European Journal of Plant Pathology 127, no. 2: 287-301.