Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes, can slow gastric motility and induce gastroparesis. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes, who developed persistent nausea and vomiting after resuming semaglutide at 2 mg subcutaneously once weekly without following the recommended stepwise titration schedule (typically initiated at 0.25 mg weekly with gradual escalation). Shortly thereafter, she developed acute kidney injury secondary to dehydration. Imaging also demonstrated left-sided colitis, for which she received antibiotic therapy. Gastroparesis was suspected due to semaglutide use. Treatment with metoclopramide and cessation of semaglutide resulted in symptom resolution and recovery. Thus, semaglutide-induced gastroparesis should be considered in diabetic patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms, especially with rapid dose escalation. Early recognition and discontinuation of the drug can lead to swift symptom resolution and prevent complications.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has gained increasing attention as a novel therapeutic approach for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Although FMT has demonstrated the potential to induce remission in UC patients, the most effective route of administration remains an area of active investigation. This narrative review provides a comprehensive comparison of different FMT delivery methods, such as oral capsules, enemas, colonoscopy, and nasogastric or nasoenteric tubes, across a range of clinically relevant parameters, including efficacy, safety, patient satisfaction, microbiota changes, pretreatment protocols, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, we examined how post-FMT dietary interventions may influence microbial engraftment and improve the long-term outcomes in patients with UC. In addition to assessing these practical and clinical factors, this review highlights the importance of patient-centered considerations, such as the tolerability and convenience of each administration route. The integration of these findings can provide valuable insights into how different FMT routes affect disease outcomes and guide clinicians in optimizing the treatment for individual patients. By synthesizing current evidence on these key variables, we aimed to identify the most effective and feasible FMT approach for UC. Establishing standardized protocols for FMT administration, informed by this analysis, will be crucial for ensuring consistency in clinical practice, improving patient outcomes, and minimizing adverse events. The insights from this review will help pave the way for more targeted and individualized FMT strategies, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic landscape of UC management.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans and a major cause of death worldwide. The National Strategic Plan 2017-2025 aims to eliminate tuberculosis by 2025. Appraising knowledge and awareness of tuberculosis are essential for successful tuberculosis control, given the significance of social and psychological variables in determining health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted wherein, the top six hashtags related to “Tuberculosis” on Instagram, identified by the maximum number of posts were taken. A questionnaire was made for assessment of these posts based on various pre-determined categories- type of post, type of information circulated and to assess if it is “true”, “false” or “cannot be determined” using the WHO Factsheet on Tuberculosis & CDC. Result: A total of 370 posts were found to be relevant according to the inclusion criteria and had vast user interaction These posts created and uploaded by the health and wellness industry comprised of 27.02%, followed by doctors at 20.27% and news agencies at 5.96%. 50.54% of the posts analyzed contained a description of tuberculosis and 20% about prevalence and diagnosis The posts by doctors and health and wellness industry had a statistically significant higher number of posts that contained “true” information and scored statistically significantly higher on the mean of Global Quality Scores and Reliability Scores. Conclusion: Social media is a powerful medium for disseminating scientific facts on TB. The government and policymakers need to develop internet-based programs and interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards TB.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and structural damage. Two primary treatment strategies – step-up therapy and early aggressive DMARD therapy have been widely debated in clinical practice. The step-up approach begins with NSAIDs or corticosteroids, progressing to DMARDs based on disease severity, whereas early aggressive therapy prioritizes immediate DMARD initiation to prevent irreversible joint damage. This comprehensive review evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies by analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and cohort studies assessing treatment outcomes, remission rates, and radiographic progression. A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies published between 2010 and 2024. Key clinical trials, including TICORA, COBRA, BeSt, and CAMERA, were critically analyzed to assess the comparative benefits and limitations of both treatment approaches. Evidence suggests that early aggressive therapy is associated with higher remission rates, reduced radiographic progression, and improved long-term physical function, whereas the step-up approach often leads to delayed disease control and cumulative joint damage. However, concerns related to treatment adherence, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles necessitate further investigation. Future research should focus on biomarker-driven personalized treatment strategies, optimizing drug sequencing, and long-term comparative effectiveness studies to refine RA management.

Uterine cervical canal stenosis can lead to significant complications, particularly in the context of active clinical tuberculosis. This case study discusses a 25-year-old woman with undiagnosed clinical tuberculosis who presented with amenorrhea and persistent abdominal pain. Further evaluation revealed uterine cervical canal stenosis and frozen pelvis. Surgical intervention was necessary after confirming the diagnosis through clinical assessment. A laparotomy with hysterotomy was performed, during which a Foley’s catheter was used to create a patent uterocervical channel. This innovative approach successfully alleviated her abdominal pain and restored her menstrual function. The patient’s recovery was smooth, and her symptoms improved markedly. This case underscores the importance of recognizing cervical stenosis as a potential consequence of tuberculosis and demonstrates the effectiveness of surgical treatment in managing complex cases without resorting to hysterectomy or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, thereby preserving reproductive potential for women of childbearing age.

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often progressing to heart failure (HF) despite advances in treatment. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach to repair myocardial tissue, improve cardiac function, and reduce the progression to HF. However, the long-term efficacy and clinical outcomes remain uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the mid-to long-term effects of stem cell therapy on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), infarct size, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in AMI patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CENTRAL databases, up to August 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. The study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effects of stem cell therapy on LVEF and MACE. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 18.0, with heterogeneity quantified using I², and publication bias assessed through funnel plots. Results: A total of 83 studies involving 7307 patients were included in the analysis. The average age of the patients was 55.29 ± 12 years, with a follow-up duration of 27.5 days. Significant improvements in LVEF were observed at various time points: 1.83% at 6 months, 2.21% at 12 months, and 2.21% at 24 months. The highest mean difference in LVEF was observed in Wang et al. (2014) with a mean difference (MD) of 17.60%, while the lowest was −4.20% in Wohrle et al. (2010). MACE analysis showed a favorable trend at 6 months with an odds ratio of −0.89 (95% CI: −1.14; −0.63), but no significant improvement at 12, 24, or 36 months. A reduction in infarct size was noted at 6 months (MD: 1.80%, 95% CI: 0.58; 3.02), but this was minimal at 12 months (MD: 0.70%, 95% CI: 0.48; 0.91). Conclusion: Stem cell therapy shows promise for improving LVEF and reducing infarct size in the short to mid-term after AMI. However, long-term benefits remain inconclusive, with minimal effects observed at 24 and 36 months. Further studies are required to determine the optimal timing, dosage, and stem cell source to maximize therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the use of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as a primary endpoint may provide a more comprehensive assessment of the long-term impact of stem cell therapy in AMI patients.