Rapid climate change has significantly impacted species distribution patterns, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of dominant tree dynamics for effective forest resource management and utilization. The Camellia subgenus Camellia, a widely distributed taxon in subtropical China, represents an ecologically and economically important group of woody plants valued for both oil production and ornamental purposes. In this study, we employed the BIOMOD2 ensemble modeling framework to investigate the spatial distribution patterns and range dynamics of the subgenus Camellia under projected climate change scenarios. Our analysis incorporated 1455 georeferenced occurrence records from 15 species, following the filtering of duplicate points, along with seven bioclimatic variables selected after highly correlated factors were eliminated. The ensemble model, which integrates six single species distribution models, demonstrated robust predictive performance, with mean true skil l statistic (TSS) and area under curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.8. Our results identified precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19) and temperature seasonality (Bio4) as the primary determinants influencing species distribution patterns. The center of species richness for the subgenus Camellia was located in the Nanling Mountains and eastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The projections indicate an overall expansion of suitable habitats for the subgenus under future climate conditions, with notable scenario-dependent variations: distribution hotspots are predicted to increase by 8.86% under the SSP126 scenario but experience a 2.53% reduction under the SSP585 scenario. Furthermore, a westward shift in the distribution centroid is anticipated. To ensure long-term conservation of Camellia genetic resources, we recommend establishing a germplasm conservation center in the Nanling Mountains region, which represents a critical biodiversity hotspot for this taxon.

The genus Quercus is an ecological keystone and economically vital component of Northern Hemisphere forests. While genomic studies have advanced our understanding of its nuclear and chloroplast genomes, the mitochondrial genomes of oaks remain less explored due to their complex evolutionary dynamics, which include extreme size variation, frequent rearrangements, and recurrent horizontal gene transfer. This study presents the assembly, annotation, and comparative analysis of mitogenomes from three closely related Asian oaks—Q. engleriana, Q. kongshanensis, and Q. tungmaiensis—using PacBio HiFi sequencing. The assemblies revealed distinct structural organizations: the Q. engleriana and Q. kongshanensis mitogenomes each comprised one circular contig and one linear contig, whereas the Q. tungmaiensis mitogenome comprised one circular contig and two linear contigs. Comparative analyses revealed variations in codon usage bias, simple sequence repeats, and predicted RNA editing sites. Notably, RNA editing in rps12 was uniquely observed in Q. kongshanensis. Mitochondrial targeting of plastid transcripts constituted 1.39%, 1.79%, and 2.24% of the mitogenomes, respectively. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mitochondrial PCGs robustly resolved Q. kongshanensis and Q. tungmaiensis as sister species, with all three forming a distinct clade separate from other Quercus species. This study provides comprehensive mitogenomic resources essential for elucidating Quercus evolutionary biology and supporting germplasm development.