Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are promising treatments for immature teeth with necrotic pulp. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in dentistry; thus, this study evaluates the reliability of AI-generated information on REPs, comparing four AI models against clinical guidelines. Methods: ChatGPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Grok 2, and Gemini 2.0 Advanced were tested with 20 REP-related questions from the ESE/AAE guidelines and expert consensus. Questions were posed in Turkish and English, with or without prompts. Two specialists assessed 640 AI-generated answers via a four-point rubric. Inter-rater reliability and response accuracy were statistically analyzed. Results: Inter-rater reliability was high (0.85–0.97). ChatGPT-4o showed higher accuracy with English prompts (p < 0.05). Claude was more accurate than Grok in the Turkish (nonprompted) and English (prompted) conditions (p < 0.05). No model reached ≥80% accuracy. Claude (English, prompted) scored highest; Grok-Turkish (nonprompted) scored lowest. Conclusions: The performance of AI models varies significantly across languages. English queries yield higher accuracy. While AI shows potential for REPs information, current models lack sufficient accuracy for clinical reliance. Cautious interpretation and validation against guidelines are essential. Further research is needed to enhance AI performance in specialized dental fields.

This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate whether controlled hypertension (HT) is associated with radiographic periapical healing after single-visit non-surgical endodontic retreatment (Re-RCT) compared with systemically healthy individuals. Two groups were formed according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 22). The HT group consisted of periapical radiographs from 22 teeth of 22 patients (mean age 53.31 ± 9.22 years; 10 females, 12 males) with no systemic diseases other than controlled HT, while the control group included 22 teeth of 22 systemically healthy patients (mean age 41.68 ± 12.13 years; 16 females, 6 males). All teeth were single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth with apical periodontitis that underwent single-visit Re-RCT and had a minimum radiographic follow-up of six months. Radiographic periapical status was evaluated using the Periapical Index (PAI), and lesions were additionally assessed by quantitative measurement of the periapical lesion size. Appropriate statistical tests, including multivariable logistic regression, were used to compare periapical healing and treatment success between the two groups and identify potential prognostic factors. The results demonstrated no statistically significant difference in radiographic periapical healing and re-RCT success between HT patients and healthy individuals (p > 0.05), whereas a smaller preoperative lesion size was associated with a higher probability of complete healing. These findings suggest that, under adequate medical control, HT alone does not adversely affect periapical healing after single-visit Re-RCT and contributes to a better understanding of the prognosis of Re-RCT in patients with controlled HT.

Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of different canal contents on the accuracy of Gold Reciproc Motor (GRM; VDW, Munich, Germany) and DentaPort ZX (Morita Co, Kyoto, Japan) in the determination of artificial root perforations. Methods: Forty mandibular premolar teeth were included in this study. The crowns of the teeth were removed and the root lengths were standardized to be 14 +/- 1 mm. Roots were divided into 2 groups (n=20). Artificial root perforations were created 0.5 +/- 0.1mm and 1 +/- 0.1 mm in size respectively. The actual lengths (AL) up to the perforation areas were measured under the stereomicroscope. Electronic measurements (EL) were obtained by GRM and DentaPort ZX in dry conditions and the presence of NaOCl (5.25%), EDTA (17%) and blood. The difference was calculated by subtracting the ALs from the ELs. This difference was positive when the measurement was longer than the AL and negative when the measurement was shorter. The Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: There were no significant differences amongst the different intracanal conditions for both apex locators in teeth with perforation of 1 mm. In the teeth with a perforation of 0.5 mm DentaPort ZX measurements were not affected by intracanal conditions and the most accurate measurement was obtained when the canal was dry with GRM. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, intracanal conditions did not affect the measurements of DentaPort ZX in both perforation sizes, whereas in 0.5 mm perforation size, GRM measurements were affected by intracanal conditions..