The presence of water or the degree of soil saturation has a direct impact on the root development and function in rice. In this regard, a pot investigation was performed to test the response of root traits and yield components of boro (irrigated) rice. Three boro rice varieties named Binadhan-10, Hira-2 and BRRI dhan 29 were grown at four irrigation regimes, viz. continuous flooding (CF), saturation (S), 75% S and 50% S at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, throughout the boro period of 2020–2021. The study was replicated three times by employing a completely randomized design (CRD) method. The study revealed a drastic decline in root attributes at 75% and 50% S. A significant increase in root number (RN), root length (RL), root volume (RV), total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (GY) under S condition followed by CF was observed. Binadhan-10 exhibited the largest scores of RN (359.00), RL (1577.83 cm) and RV (8.34 cm³ hill⁻¹) at 80 DAT under S condition. Root attributes and GY were found to be substantially and positively associated in all observations. Binadhan-10 performed best with regard to seed output (26.13 g pot⁻¹) under S condition. S condition increased the yield of Binadhan-10 in CF, 75% S and 50% S by 4.06%, 23.72% and 46.00%, respectively.

Nitrogen (N) is a highly essential macronutrient for plant root growth and grain yield (GY). To assess the relationship among N, root traits, and the yield of boro (dry season irrigated) rice, a pot experiment was performed in the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the boro rice season of 2020–2021. Three boro rice varieties, namely BRRI dhan29, Hira-2, and Binadhan-10, were planted at four N doses: 0 kg ha⁻¹ (N₀), 70 kg ha⁻¹ (N₇₀), 140 kg ha⁻¹ (N₁₄₀), and 210 kg ha⁻¹ (N₂₁₀). The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with three replicates. The varieties were evaluated for root number (RN), root length (RL), root volume (RV), root porosity (RP), leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and yield. The results indicated that the Binadhan-10, Hira-2, and BRRI dhan29 varieties produced better root characteristics under at the N₁₄₀ and N₂₁₀ levels. A substantial positive association was noticed between the grain yield and the root traits, except for root porosity. Based on the root traits and growth dynamics, Binadhan-10 performed the best at the N₁₄₀ level and produced the highest grain yield (26.96 g pot⁻¹), followed by Hira-2 (26.35 g pot⁻¹) and BRRI dhan29 (25.90 g pot⁻¹).

The stress indicator widely expresses the impression of drought stress on barley genotypes throughout the crown root initiation period, highlighting its worldwide effect on production. So, it was urgent need to identify the drought-resilient genotypes considering the multi-trait genotype ideotype distance index (MGIDI). The study, conducted to evaluate the grain output and genetic variations of 50 barley genotypes using stress indicator. Under optimal conditions, genotype IBON14 achieved the highest grain yield of 9.55 g/plant, while under drought stress, genotype BD7194 produced 7.31 g/plant. Significant correlations, both positive and negative (ranging from 0.66 to 1.00), were observed among stress tolerance indices and yields. Using the MGIDI index, genotype BD7194 was selected as the most drought-tolerant, followed by BD7188, IBON14, BD8579, and IBON16, with a 5 % selection intensity. Factor study among the MGIDI revealed diverse tolerance and susceptibility indices, emphasizing the robustness of the certain genotypes, all of which were grouped under a single factor. The selected genotypes exhibited a selection gain (%) between 39.9 % and 113 %. Moreover, the selection differential, calculated from predicted values, varied from 0.25 to 2.54, and broad-sense heritability was determined to be ≥0.99. This study emphasizes the usefulness of the MGIDI index in selecting drought-tolerant barley genotypes, with BD7194 proving to be the most resilient, exhibiting high genetic stability and selection gains.