This study examined tissue culture responses and genetic variability among 25 two-row barley genotypes preserved in the Osman Tosun Gene Bank, including both Türkiye landraces and foreign-origin genotypes, with the objective of optimizing genetic resources for barley breeding programs. Key tissue culture parameters – callus induction rate, callus weight, regeneration capacity, and culture efficiency—were evaluated to access how diversity of genotypes influences tissue culture outcomes. Results revealed significant variation across all traits. Genotypes 77 and 1972 achieved the highest callus induction rates (100%), while genotype Zeynelağa exhibited the lowest (57.5%). Genotype 417 showed superior regeneration capacity (81.9%), and culture efficiency was highest in genotypes Standard Cultivar 138 (90.0%) and 1972 (70.0%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that the first two principal components accounted for 87.84% of the variance in tissue culture responses, providing valuable insights into genotype relationships and trait performance. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed four distinct groups, with Cluster 1 displaying the highest mean performance across traits. Collectively, these findings underscore the role of diversity of genotypes in enhancing tissue culture efficiency and plant regeneration. High-performing genotypes, including 77, 1972, 417, and standard cultivar 138, show considerable promise for biotechnological applications and future barley crop improvement initiatives.

Salinity is an important environmental factor that jeopardizes productive agriculture in our world with the increasing human population, significantly limiting the production of food products and negatively affecting the growth and development of plants. In this study, eight chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes from Türkiye were germinated under salt stress such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) at electrical conductivity levels (4, 8, 12 and 16 dS m-1) over a period of 10 days in order to evaluate seed germination, seedling morphological and mineral responses, and to determine tolerant genotypes, Salinity stress is considered as one of the major constraints in chickpea production, but our study revealed a remarkable diversity among the tested genotypes. Germination rates decreased significantly with increasing salinity levels. While germination rates of different chickpea genotypes were above 85% under control conditions, these rates varied between 21% and 91% at the highest salt treatment of 16 dS m-1 of both salts. Sodium, calcium and sulfur contents showed significant differences among the genotypes. As the salt concentrations increased, the Na/K ratio also increased. As a result, Gürdal, Aras and Katran genotypes were found to be more salt tolerant under NaCl and Na2SO4 treatments. Analysis using stress indices showed that it is an effective method to evaluate the tolerance of chickpea genotypes to salt stress. These findings can be used for future chickpea breeding programs and reclamation of saline areas.

Serin iklim tahılları üretimi ülkemizde işlenebilir tarım arazisinin büyük bir kısmında yapılmaktadır. Bunun yanında hem insan beslenmesinde hem hayvan beslenmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Özellikle 2023 yılı verilerinde organik statüdeki buğday üretimi 141.206 ton ile serin iklim tahılları içerisinde en fazla üretilen ürün olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığının son 10 yıldaki organik statü ve geçiş süreci statüsündeki serin iklim tahıllarının üretim miktarı verileri kullanılarak gelecek 10 yıldaki üretim miktarları tahminlemesi yapılmıştır. Hesaplanan projeksiyon katsayıları sonucunda ürünler bazında pozitif ve negatif değerler elde edilmiş olup organik statüdeki arpa, yulaf ve tritikalenin üretim miktartarlarında önümüzdeki 10 yıl içerisinde artış olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Edible grain legumes have an important place in human nutrition because they contain 18-36% protein in their grains. In this study, it was aimed to determine the production projection of organic and transitional status edible legumes grown in Turkey based on the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. According to the results obtained, the projection coefficient was negative only for cowpea in organic status edible legumes and negative only for beans in transition status edible legumes. The highest projection coefficient was obtained from lentils with a value of 0.37 for organic status edible legumes and from broad beans with a value of 5.37 for transition status edible legumes.

Soil salinity and abscisic acid (ABA)-related signaling are major constraints affecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) productivity by promoting oxidative stress and aldehyde accumulation. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), particularly members of the ALDH7 family, are involved in aldehyde detoxification and redox homeostasis under adverse conditions. However, the molecular characteristics, expression behavior, and structural features of ALDH7A1 in chickpea under salt and ABA treatments remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an integrative characterization of CaALDH7A1 through expression profiling, oxidative stress assays, comparative structural analyses, evolutionary assessment, and molecular docking. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that CaALDH7A1 was induced in both chickpea genotypes under salt and ABA treatments, with a markedly stronger response in the tolerant genotype (Aksu) than in the susceptible genotype (Uzunlu). In Aksu, transcript accumulation peaked at approximately 4.0-fold under 100 mM NaCl, whereas Uzunlu showed a more gradual increase, reaching a maximum of about 2.4-fold under 150 mM NaCl. Overall, salinity was the primary driver of CaALDH7A1 induction, while ABA alone caused comparatively limited variation under non-saline conditions. This transcriptional pattern was accompanied by lower H₂O₂ accumulation and approximately 30-35% lower MDA levels in the tolerant genotype, indicating an association between stronger CaALDH7A1 responsiveness and reduced oxidative damage. Comparative analyses further showed that CaALDH7A1 retains conserved catalytic domains, motifs, and active-site residues across representative orthologs, while molecular docking with MDA and NAD⁺ revealed favorable predicted binding energies and conserved interaction profiles. Together, these findings indicate that CaALDH7A1 is a salt- and ABA-responsive gene in chickpea, with its induction being driven mainly by salinity and more strongly expressed in the tolerant genotype. The association of higher CaALDH7A1 expression with lower H₂O₂ and MDA levels supports a stress-related role for this gene in aldehyde metabolism and redox-associated responses. The integration of expression, physiological, structural, evolutionary, and docking analyses further suggests that CaALDH7A1 is a conserved stress-associated candidate that may contribute to salinity-related adaptation in chickpea.

Yağlı tohumlu bitkiler, içerdiği yağ, protein, vitamin ve mineraller sayesinde insan ve hayvan beslenmesi ile sanayi açısından önemli bir ürün grubudur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de yağlı tohum üretiminin mevcut durumunu, ithalat ve ihracat verilerini analiz ederek gelecek projeksiyonlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. TÜİK ve ITC verilerine dayanarak yapılan analizlere göre, Türkiye’de 2024 yılında en fazla üretimi yapılan yağlı tohum bitkisi ayçiçeği olmuş ve toplam üretimin %53’ünü oluşturmuştur. Ayçiçeğini pamuk tohumu (çiğit) ve yer fıstığı izlemiştir. Son on yılda keten ve kenevir üretiminde dikkate değer artışlar yaşanmıştır. 2034 yılı projeksiyonlarına göre en yüksek üretim artışı keten ve kenevirde beklenmektedir. Türkiye’nin yağlı tohum ihtiyacı sürekli artış göstermiş ve 2023 yılında 11,6 milyon tona ulaşmıştır. İhtiyacın önemli bir kısmı ithalatla karşılanmakta olup, en fazla ithalat kalemi soya fasulyesi, en yüksek ihracat kalemi ise ayçiçeğidir. İthalat ve ihracat projeksiyonlarına göre, gelecek yıllarda da dış ticaretin artış eğiliminde devam edeceği öngörülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’de yağlı tohum üretimi artış eğiliminde olsa da iç talebin ve sanayi ihtiyacının gerisinde kalmakta; ithalat bağımlılığı devam etmektedir. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin yağlı tohum üretiminde kendine yeterlilik seviyesini yükseltmesi için stratejik planlamalara ihtiyaç olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.