This review comprehensively analyzes silver nanoparticles’ multimodal functions in wound healing, integrating antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic mechanisms with advanced material design for next-generation wound therapeutics.

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents, yet optimizing their synthesis and understanding their biological mechanisms remain crucial challenges. This study reports the synthesis of AgNPs using Xanthoceras sorbifolia leaf and flower extracts, leveraging their phytochemical composition for green synthesis. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 38 metabolites, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols, which served as reducing and stabilizing agents. Optimized synthesis conditions included pH 9, an extract concentration of 10 mg mL^-1, silver nitrate concentrations of 12 mM (leaf) and 10 mM (flower), and temperatures of 80 °C (leaf) and 70-80 °C (flower). AgNPs exhibited a uniform spherical shape, with mean diameters of 9.22 ± 1.97 nm (leaf-AgNPs) and 7.46 ± 1.58 nm (flower-AgNPs). Moreover, they demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with leaf-AgNPs showing superior efficacy (MIC: 16 μg mL^-1) compared with flower-AgNPs (MIC: 32 μg mL^-1). Furthermore, both types of AgNPs exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects against 4T1 and KYSE-150 cell lines through reactive oxygen species-mediated cytotoxicity, with leaf-AgNPs showing enhanced effectiveness. These findings demonstrate the potential of X. sorbifolia-derived AgNPs as promising candidates for biomedical applications, particularly as antimicrobial agents with potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.

Conventional tumor microenvironment-responsive nanotherapies are limited by their passive dependence on endogenous triggers, often resulting in suboptimal therapeutic efficacy due to tumor heterogeneity. Furthermore, monotherapy frequently induces drug resistance, highlighting the need for synergistic strategies targeting multiple cell death pathways. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a cascade amplification paradigm designed to overcome these intrinsic limitations by integrating a tumor microenvironment-priming stage with a remotely triggered external amplification stage. This paradigm is embodied in an alternating magnetic field-responsive iron–porphyrin metal–organic framework nanoplatform, termed DFT. Under acidic conditions, the DFT nanoplatform is primed, exhibiting a >3.5-fold accelerated corelease of doxorubicin and catalytic iron ions. Subsequent exposure to a low-intensity alternating magnetic field (10 mT, 40 kHz) operating in a strictly nonthermal regime serves as the external accelerator, markedly amplifying the Fenton-like catalytic process. This intensified oxidative burst synergistically coactivates ferroptosis and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis—2 mechanistically distinct pathways that collectively counteract drug resistance. In vivo validation demonstrated a 74.6% tumor growth inhibition—nearly a 2-fold enhancement compared with the passive DFT group (40.7%). Notably, this efficacy is achieved while remaining well within established clinical safety limits, thereby addressing the safety–efficacy trade-off inherent to conventional magnetic hyperthermia. Overall, this study establishes a robust and versatile paradigm that harnesses external physical fields not for thermal ablation, but as programmable tools to remotely regulate catalytic biochemistry. This nonthermal, field-driven strategy offers a promising and safer route to combating chemotherapy resistance.