The increase in CO₂ emissions has been identified as a core driving factor in the intensification of the greenhouse effect. In order to achieve the dual-carbon vision, research on CO₂ capture and its catalytic conversion is receiving growing attention. Due to the high chemical stability of CO₂ itself, traditional separation technologies find it difficult to capture it onto catalysts. Currently, using hydrocarbons as carriers for catalytic reactions is the most common and efficient method. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown their irreplaceable importance in CO₂ capture and catalytic conversion due to their unique adjustable and controllable pore structures and multiple active sites. This study integrates various classification criteria of MOFs, proposes a cooperative mechanism between metal doping and functional groups, and also reveals the CO₂ capture and catalytic conversion processes. In addition, we have conducted an in-depth discussion on the future development of continuous-flow microreactor technology and provided performance and property relationship diagrams for multiple MOF series, offering valuable reference material for future research in related fields.