Background: Osteoporosis is a disease which is characterized by a decrease in general bone mineral density (BMD), resulting in decreased bone strength and an increased risk of bone fractures. The effect of reduced BMD on the jawbones is still not fully understood. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of BMD on the quality and quantity of the edentulous mandible. Methods: The present study included 127 edentulous postmenopausal women who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. BMD measurements of the lumbar spine and femoral necks were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In the cross-sectional CBCT images, three different areas of the mandible (lateral incisor, first premolar, and first molar) were selected. The complete mandibular, trabecular, and cortical bone volumes were measured. All measurements were performed on the total mandibular area, and the basal and alveolar parts of the mandible. Results: The volume of the cortical bone was reduced for females with reduced BMD in the lateral incisor and first premolar regions, both in the total mandibular area and in the basal part of the mandible. The trabecular bone volume statistically significantly increased when the BMD decreased in the complete mandibular area and the basal part of the mandible (linear regression). The total bone volume significantly decreased with a decrease in BMD in the basal part of the mandible. Conclusions: Reduced BMD has a negative effect on the quantity and quality of bone in the basal part of the edentulous mandible.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of implementing a virtual treatment plan in orthognathic surgery. Methods: The study included 30 patients (11 males and 19 females with a mean age of 23.7 years) with a digital surgical plan. All patients underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: LeFort I osteotomy of the maxilla combined with bilateral split sagittal osteotomy (BSSO) of the mandible. Eleven landmarks on the pre-surgical (planned) model and the same landmarks on the post-surgical model were used for comparison and linear difference measurements between the real and predicted outcomes in all three planes—transversal, sagittal, and vertical. Results: All median values fell within the 2 mm range in the transversal plane, and the mean displacement was 0.57 mm. In the sagittal and vertical planes, the treatment outcome in the maxilla was more precise than in the mandible. The mean displacement in the sagittal plane was −0.88 mm and that in the vertical plane was 0.44 mm. All deviations were less than 2 mm. Conclusions: The data obtained in this study show that the digital surgical plan for orthognathic surgery is clinically reliable in all planes.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine changes in facial soft tissue asymmetry over time in patients after Class II orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry. Methods: The study consists of 54 patients with a skeletal Class II malocclusion (32 female, 22 male; mean age, 33.2 years). Three-dimensional photographic data were collected using the 3dMD Trio stereophotogrammetry system. The evaluation of 21 anthropometric landmark positions was conducted before surgery (T0), 6 months (T1), and 12 months (T2) after surgery. Facial asymmetry was classified as mild (0–2 mm), moderate (3–5 mm), or severe (>5 mm). Results: There was a small difference in the mean distance when analyzing the asymmetry of the whole face. The 3D measurements showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between T0 versus T1 and T2 time-point values. Prior to surgery, males exhibited a higher degree of soft tissue asymmetry compared to females. The chin volume asymmetry score was higher in the females of the cohort and patients undergoing bimaxillary surgery (median 1.11) than in the males of the cohort and patients undergoing single-jaw surgery (median 1.08); however, these differences were not statistically different. Conclusions: The findings indicate that soft tissue asymmetry may become altered within a 6-month period following surgery.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between osteoarthritic bony alterations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and general bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal edentulous females. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans for both TMJs were acquired for 80 clinically asymptomatic patients (mean age 72 ± 8.8 y). Both lumbar spine and femoral neck measurements of BMD were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The most frequently observed bony alterations were flattening of the articular surface (47.5%), sclerosis (41.5%), subcortical cysts (10%), and erosions (5%). Osteophytes were not observed. No statistical differences were observed between those who had or did not have radiological signs of bony alterations according to age or DXA scores. The prevalence of radiological findings of degenerative TMJ bony alterations in clinically asymptomatic postmenopausal females did not confirm a connection with a generally low BMD.

Introduction: Missing teeth in growing patients require treatment approaches that preserve alveolar bone and support continued development. Autotransplantation offers a biological alternative to implants, yet severely compromised recipient sites and immature donor teeth present clinical challenges. This case series describes a sequential double autotransplantation protocol using immature first‐stage autotransplants to preserve alveolar architecture and exploit the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells for alveolar bone regeneration. Methods: Three patients (ages 16–18 years) with severe bone defects, oroantral communication, or cystic pathology underwent planned two‐stage autotransplantation. CBCT‐guided planning and 3D‐printed templates were used to minimize extra‐alveolar time. Immature donor teeth were used as first‐stage transplants to preserve alveolar architecture and periodontal space prior to definitive transplantation. Secondary transplantation with a more developmentally mature donor followed assessment at 12 months. Results: All cases achieved favorable outcomes at 24 months after second‐stage autotransplantation, including pulp chamber obliteration without periapical pathology or clinical symptoms, consistent with maintained pulp vitality, continued root development, and periodontal probing depths of 2–3 mm at final follow‐up. Conclusions: The primary lesson is that recipient site condition, rather than donor tooth development alone, determines prognosis in severely compromised cases, and a staged protocol can preserve alveolar architecture for definitive rehabilitation. Recipient site condition, rather than donor tooth developmental stage alone, appears to be the primary determinant of outcome in severely compromised cases. Validation through larger controlled studies remains essential.

Background/Objectives: Soft tissue profile plays a crucial role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. However, limited data exist regarding differences in facial soft tissue angles among adolescents with different classes of malocclusion. This study aimed to evaluate variations in soft tissue facial angles among patients with Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusions aged 12–16 years using profile photographs. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 489 patients (330 females and 159 males; mean age 13.69 ± 1.30 years) examined between January 2008 and December 2018. 3D Slicer (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA) was used only for landmark positioning and coordinate extraction from 2D profile photographs. Five facial angles were measured: Nasion–Nose tip–Pogonion (Na-T-Pg), Glabella–Subnasale–Pogonion (Gl-Sn-Pg), Pogonion–Nasion–Upper lip (Pg-Na-Ls), Pogonion–Nasion–Lower lip (Pg-Na-Li), and Pogonion–Subnasale–Upper lip (Pg-Sn-Ls). Statistical analysis was performed using R software, including ANOVA and t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients with Class III malocclusion demonstrated significantly higher mean values of the Na-T-Pg and Gl-Sn-Pg angles and lower values of the Pg-Na-Ls, Pg-Na-Li, and Pg-Sn-Ls angles compared with Class I and Class II malocclusions (p < 0.05), indicating mandibular protrusion. Conversely, Class II malocclusion showed lower Na-T-Pg and Gl-Sn-Pg angles and higher Pg-Na-Ls, Pg-Na-Li, and Pg-Sn-Ls values, consistent with mandibular retrusion relative to the maxilla. No clinically significant sex-related differences were observed in most parameters. Conclusions: Significant differences in facial soft tissue angles exist among adolescents with different malocclusion classes. These findings highlight the importance of soft tissue analysis in orthodontic diagnosis and may support the development of artificial intelligence-based tools for automated malocclusion assessment and treatment planning.