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Waste collection is one of the most important public services in a town. However, waste collection has not been effectively implemented in some places due to the lack of economic and management resources. The waste is placed in inappropriate sites with the consequent risks of pollution and unhealthy conditions for the inhabitants. Therefore, establishing a municipal solid waste collection plan can be complicated. The methodologies and techniques that work in countries with medium and high income levels cannot be extrapolated to others with low income level because the boundary conditions are widely different. The aim of this paper is to design a municipal solid waste collection system adapted to this type of situation where not much money can be invested and where data are limited. In these cases, municipalities need to use their existing resources effectively. This paper offers a methodology for these cases as well as a case study. The first step was to gather information about the type and amount of waste generated and the characteristics of the town. The second step was to propose the location of the bins and, finally, the waste collection routes. With all these data, the technical and human resources were set. The methodology used was validated in a real case, the town of Nikki (Benin) in Africa. The collection of three waste fractions was designed with the actual resources of the city in order to offer a realistic implementation. Similar situations can be found around the world, and this case study can be used as an example to improve the waste management practices in some places with low resources.
Mar Carlos-Alberola; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Francisco Colomer-Mendoza; Esther Barreda-Albert. Design of a Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in Situations with a Lack of Resources: Nikki (Benin), a Case in Africa. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1785 .
AMA StyleMar Carlos-Alberola, Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo, Francisco Colomer-Mendoza, Esther Barreda-Albert. Design of a Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in Situations with a Lack of Resources: Nikki (Benin), a Case in Africa. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMar Carlos-Alberola; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Francisco Colomer-Mendoza; Esther Barreda-Albert. 2021. "Design of a Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in Situations with a Lack of Resources: Nikki (Benin), a Case in Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1785.
While diesel use represents one of the most important costs of the waste-collection process, the impact of eco-driving practices in this context has been surprisingly little addressed so far. Here, we present the results obtained by implementing eco-driving through the installation of in-board driving-assistance devices in a Spanish waste-collection fleet. Driving parameters and diesel use were monitored for over a year on 67 vehicles. An average fuel consumption decrease of 7.45% was observed, ranging from 1.86% to 11.50% according to the type of vehicle and to its waste-collection mechanism. Waste-transfer trucks that were not performing stop-and-go cycles displayed the highest values of fuel savings. In addition, eco-driving benefits obtained through real-time feedback did not tend to get lost over time, as fuel consumption remained remarkably steady. An average difference of only −0.45% between the first and the last month of monitoring was observed. After 14 months, an economic and environmental assessment of eco-driving implementation in the fleet was carried out. Nearly 120,000 L of diesel were economized, leading to substantial financial savings and to a significant exhaust emission decrease that was theoretically quantified in terms of CO2, CO, HC, NOx and PM. Overall, our results tend to show a highly positive environmental and economic impact of fuel-efficient driving in the waste-collection context.
Jerónimo Franco González; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Florian Commans; Mar Carlos. Fuel-efficient driving in the context of urban waste-collection: A Spanish case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 289, 125831 .
AMA StyleJerónimo Franco González, Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo, Florian Commans, Mar Carlos. Fuel-efficient driving in the context of urban waste-collection: A Spanish case study. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 289 ():125831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJerónimo Franco González; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Florian Commans; Mar Carlos. 2021. "Fuel-efficient driving in the context of urban waste-collection: A Spanish case study." Journal of Cleaner Production 289, no. : 125831.
Waste management plans pay attention to municipal solid waste (MSW) collection systems. It represents a significant portion of waste management as it involves a great economic cost and environmental impact. For these reasons, many researchers have studied the optimization of collection routes, analyzing factors that make them more efficient and sustainable, for example, the overall distance traveled and the time spent on the route. Collection times depend on factors such as the speed of the truck, time at traffic lights or time spent on loading and unloading the waste. The loading and unloading times play an important role in the measurement of the total time of the route. Moreover, there is scarce information in the literature about measuring the real-time spent on the trip. All those times are necessary to optimize the total route time. However, it is difficult to obtain this information directly as it depends on parameters such as the type of truck. The aim of this work is to propose a methodology to define all the times involved in the waste collection process. Once they are well defined, they have to be measured in some cases or calculated in others. This works also presents a case study to validate the proposed methodology with an extensive fieldwork to measure those times that can’t be calculated in the waste collection process. The work presents the results of a study of the time spent at a collection point in six MSW collection systems using different types of collection trucks and bin designs. We have determined how the characteristics of the system affect the time spent at a collection point. Additionally, the times for the six models have been established. Finally, we have determined the influence of the collection model in the duration of the activity. Under certain conditions, times can coincide even though the models are different.
Mar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; Juan Ramón Abaso. Influence of the Municipal Solid Waste Collection System on the Time Spent at a Collection Point: A Case Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6481 .
AMA StyleMar Carlos, Antonio Gallardo, Natalia Edo-Alcón, Juan Ramón Abaso. Influence of the Municipal Solid Waste Collection System on the Time Spent at a Collection Point: A Case Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; Juan Ramón Abaso. 2019. "Influence of the Municipal Solid Waste Collection System on the Time Spent at a Collection Point: A Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6481.
There are several factors which have an influence in the selective collection of the municipal waste. To define a selective collection system, the waste generation pattern should be firstly determined and these factors should be analyzed in depth. This paper tries to analyze the economic income level and the seasonal variation on the collection and the purity of light-packaging waste to determine actions to improve the waste management plan of a town. In the first stage of the work, waste samples of the light-packaging containers were collected in two zones of the town with different economic characteristics in different seasons during one year. In the second stage, the samples were characterized to analyze the composition and purity of the waste. They were firstly separated into four fractions: metals; plastic; beverage cartons; and misplaced materials. The misplaced fraction was in its turn separated into cardboard, rubber and leather, inert waste, organic matter, paper, hazardous waste, clothes and shoes, glass and others. The plastic fraction was separated into five types of plastics and the metal fraction into three. In the third stage, the data have been analyzed and conclusions have been extracted. The main result is that the quality of the light-packaging fraction collected in these zones during both seasons were similar. This methodology can be extrapolated to towns with similar characteristics. It will be useful when implementing a system to collect the waste selectively and to develop actions to achieve a good participation in the selective collection of the waste.
A Gallardo; M Carlos; F J Colomer; N Edo-Alcón. Analysis of the waste selective collection at drop-off systems: Case study including the income level and the seasonal variation. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 2017, 36, 30 -38.
AMA StyleA Gallardo, M Carlos, F J Colomer, N Edo-Alcón. Analysis of the waste selective collection at drop-off systems: Case study including the income level and the seasonal variation. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy. 2017; 36 (1):30-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA Gallardo; M Carlos; F J Colomer; N Edo-Alcón. 2017. "Analysis of the waste selective collection at drop-off systems: Case study including the income level and the seasonal variation." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 1: 30-38.
When many people work in organized institutions or enterprises, those institutions or enterprises become big meeting places that also have energy, water and resources necessities. One of these necessities is the correct management of the waste that is daily produced by these communities. Universities are a good example of institution where every day a great amount of people go to work or to study. But independently of their task, they use the different services at the University such as cafeterias, canteens, and photocopy and as a result of their activity a cleaning service is also needed. All these activities generate an environmental impact. Nowadays, many Universities have accepted the challenge to minimize this impact applying several measures. One of the impacts to be reduced is the waste generation. The first step to implement measures to implement a waste management plan at a University is to know the composition, the amount and the distribution of the waste generated in its facilities. As the waste composition and generation depend among other things on the climate, these variables should be analysed over one year. This research work estimates the waste generation and composition of a Spanish University, the Universitat Jaume I, during a school year. To achieve this challenge, all the waste streams generated at the University have been identified and quantified emphasizing on those which are not controlled. Furthermore, several statistical analyses have been carried out to know if the season of the year or the day of the week affect waste generation and composition. All this information will allow the University authorities to propose a set of minimization measures to enhance the current management.
A. Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; M. Carlos; M. Renau. The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university. Waste Management 2016, 53, 3 -11.
AMA StyleA. Gallardo, Natalia Edo-Alcón, M. Carlos, M. Renau. The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university. Waste Management. 2016; 53 ():3-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; M. Carlos; M. Renau. 2016. "The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university." Waste Management 53, no. : 3-11.
Nowadays, in the Spanish cities streets there are several types of bins to collect the different municipal solid waste (MSW) fractions: organic matter and reject fraction, paper and cardboard, light packaging, glass, used oil, clothes, etc. To locate them correctly in the urban landscape is an important task in the MSW management. In the first place, from the MSW collection point of view, a appropriate bins location makes their collection easier. In the second place, in the selective collection, a good location is basic to ensure the citizens participation in the recovery of the recyclable materials. Moreover, the bins location must respect the urban environment. This work presents a methodology to optimize the MSW bins location taking into account several factors such as the distance to the users, the streets characteristics, the presence of singular urban points, etc. The methodology will be later applied to the optimization of the location of the different waste fraction bins of a Spanish city using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Mar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Mónica Peris; Francisco J. Colomer. Optimization of the Location of the Municipal Solid Waste Bins Using Geographic Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2015, 171 -184.
AMA StyleMar Carlos, Antonio Gallardo, Mónica Peris, Francisco J. Colomer. Optimization of the Location of the Municipal Solid Waste Bins Using Geographic Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2015; ():171-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Mónica Peris; Francisco J. Colomer. 2015. "Optimization of the Location of the Municipal Solid Waste Bins Using Geographic Information Systems." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 171-184.
The Landfill models and software applications are limited to the individual calculation of some of the variables. However, there are none that address all of them. This paper shows the development of a computational tool called LABWASTE.12 for designing all the variables related to landfills with construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recovery. This tool presents a model from the Excel® program for the drafting of landfills, and establishes the possibility of developing recycled aggregates. In the development of the tool the following variables were taken into account: properties and composition of the waste; characterization and properties of natural/recycled debris; statistical correlation between population and area of the landfill; preliminary design of the vessel; slope stability and dams; evacuation perimeter ditch drains; leachate generation; design of storm water and leachate ponds, and pre-dimensioning; biogas generation; and, finally, sealing and closure in compliance with official regulations. This will make possible to obtain an estimate of the amount of aggregate, waterproofing, geotextile, fences, chimneys, dams, etc. required, as well as an analysis of the feasibility of use and overall budget and items
J. Esteban; F. J. Colomer; M. Carlos; A. Gallardo. LABWASTE.12: Calculation Tool for the Design of Solid Waste Landfills with Inert Waste Recovery. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2015, 131 -144.
AMA StyleJ. Esteban, F. J. Colomer, M. Carlos, A. Gallardo. LABWASTE.12: Calculation Tool for the Design of Solid Waste Landfills with Inert Waste Recovery. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2015; ():131-144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Esteban; F. J. Colomer; M. Carlos; A. Gallardo. 2015. "LABWASTE.12: Calculation Tool for the Design of Solid Waste Landfills with Inert Waste Recovery." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 131-144.
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consists in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town.
A. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste pre-collection system. A case study. Waste Management 2015, 36, 1 -11.
AMA StyleA. Gallardo, M. Carlos, M. Peris, F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste pre-collection system. A case study. Waste Management. 2015; 36 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. 2015. "Methodology to design a municipal solid waste pre-collection system. A case study." Waste Management 36, no. : 1-11.
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consist in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town
A. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: A case study. Waste Management 2014, 34, 1920 -1931.
AMA StyleA. Gallardo, M. Carlos, M. Peris, F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: A case study. Waste Management. 2014; 34 (11):1920-1931.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. 2014. "Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: A case study." Waste Management 34, no. 11: 1920-1931.