Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between composite inflammatory markers—Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), and Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI)—and clinical phenotypes of PCOS, including oligo-/amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). In this retrospective cross-sectional study, women with PCOS were categorized into subgroups based on clinical phenotypes. Composite inflammatory markers were calculated from complete blood count parameters, and their association with clinical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic findings was analyzed. ROC analysis assessed the discriminatory value of each marker. Inflammatory markers were significantly higher in the oligo-/amenorrhea and PCOM groups. In oligo-/amenorrhea, NLR (2.42 vs. 1.96, p = 0.028), AISI (282.16 vs. 188.73, p = 0.005), SII (664.59 vs. 519.86, p = 0.008), and SIRI (0.97 vs. 0.70, p = 0.005) were elevated. In PCOM, NLR (2.85 vs. 2.25, p = 0.025), AISI (323.15 vs. 262.78, p = 0.049), SII (738.52 vs. 641.27, p = 0.030), and SIRI (1.10 vs. 0.90, p = 0.046) were also higher. AISI showed the best discrimination for oligo-/amenorrhea (AUC = 0.652), while NLR was most predictive for PCOM (AUC = 0.617). Composite inflammatory markers are elevated in specific PCOS phenotypes, especially oligo-/amenorrhea and PCOM, and may reflect low-grade inflammation. These markers may help identify patients at higher cardiometabolic risk and guide preventive strategies.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein velocity (CRPv) and inflammatory burden index (IBI) as novel systemic inflammatory biomarkers in predicting the latent period in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). We investigated the role of these markers in estimating the timing of delivery and their association with perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 337 singleton pregnancies diagnosed with PPROM at Ankara Etlik City Hospital between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025. Patients were divided into two groups based on the latency period. Maternal inflammatory markers, CRPv, and IBI, were recorded and analyzed. The relationship between these inflammatory markers and latency period was assessed, and ROC curve analysis was performed to determine optimal cutoff values. Results: CRPv and IBI values were significantly higher in patients with a latency period of less than 48 h compared to those delivering after 48 h (p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that CRPv > 0.17 had 70% sensitivity and 67% specificity in predicting delivery within 48 h (AUC = 0.675, p < 0.001), while IBI > 35.8 demonstrated predictive accuracy for early delivery (AUC = 0.563, p = 0.047). Conclusion: CRPv and IBI are promising inflammatory biomarkers for predicting the latency period in PPROM pregnancies. Their incorporation into clinical management may improve risk stratification, aiding in timely interventions to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore their integration into standard obstetric care.

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major contributor to adverse perinatal outcomes and is primarily driven by placental insufficiency and chronic fetal hypoxia. While arterial Doppler abnormalities are widely used in clinical surveillance, less is known about venous hemodynamics and intracardiac structural adaptations in FGR. In particular, the clinical relevance of foramen ovale (FO) morphometry and inferior vena cava (IVC) Doppler parameters in different FGR phenotypes remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate FO measurements and IVC Doppler indices in early- and late-onset FGR and to investigate their associations with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational study included 240 singleton pregnancies: 120 fetuses with FGR and 120 gestational age-matched appropriate-for-gestational-age controls. FGR was defined according to Delphi consensus criteria and classified as early onset (<32 weeks) or late onset (≥32 weeks). Ultrasonographic assessment included FO and right atrium dimensions, FO-to-right atrium (FO/RA) ratio, IVC diameter, and IVC Doppler indices (pulsatility index [PI], preload index [PLI], and peak velocity index for veins [PVIV]). A composite adverse perinatal outcome (CAPO) was recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results: Compared with controls, fetuses with FGR exhibited significantly smaller FO dimensions, lower FO/RA ratios, reduced IVC diameters, and higher IVC Doppler indices (all p < 0.05). The FO/RA ratio demonstrated the highest discriminative performance for CAPO (AUC 0.722). In multivariable analysis, a 0.1-unit increase in the FO/RA ratio was independently associated with a reduced risk of CAPO (OR 0.57), whereas higher IVC PI values were associated with an increased risk (OR 2.64). IVC Doppler alterations were less pronounced in early-onset FGR. Conclusions: FO morphometry and IVC Doppler parameters reflect complementary stages of fetal cardiovascular adaptation in fetal growth restriction, with FO changes representing early adaptive responses and IVC Doppler alterations indicating more advanced hemodynamic compromise, and this may provide additional value for perinatal risk stratification.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, management, morbidity and mortality of ectopic pregnancy (EP) by evaluating all cases treated in a tertiary care center in Ankara. Methods: A total of 1243 cases were retrospectively studied who were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy during the clinical course and were treated in the early pregnancy unit between January 2014 and December 2018. Demographic information from hospital records, e.g., risk factors, ultrasound findings, initial and followed up b-hCG levels, and treatment methods (followed up, medical, and surgical) were recorded. Results: The incidence of EP was 7 per 1000 pregnancies. The mean age was 30.64±5.71 years. The most common risk factors for EP were previous abdominal surgery (37.8%) and previous miscarriage (28.6%). Eighty-three (22%) of patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2014, 129 (34.2%) of patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2016, and 165 (43.8%) of patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 had a history of Cesarean section. Seventy-seven (6.2%) cases were followed up, 487 (39.2%) were treated surgically, and 772 (62.1%) were treated with methotrexate. Conclusion: Delivery by Cesarean section is a risk factor for the development of EP. Cesarean section has been shown to be an important factor in the increase of the incidence of EP over the years. As a result of this increase, new treatments have been developed and conservative surgical or drug treatments have been initiated. Close monitoring of the current literature evaluating ectopic pregnancies and treatment according to this literature will decrease mortality and morbidity rates.

Endometriomas may adversely affect fertility; however, the necessity of its surgical management is a controversial subject. The aim of this study was to compare the time to conception, mode of conception, and pregnancy outcomes between two groups of patients diagnosed with endometriomas: those managed conservatively and those who laparoscopic cystectomy. This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with endometriomas who are seeking pregnancy. All patients who conceived were categorized into the following two groups: those who underwent surgical intervention for treating endometriomas and those who did not. Demographic data, time to conception (months), and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. A total of 5444 patients were screened, and data for 226 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed (80 in the surgical group and 146 in the nonsurgical group). Age and body mass index were comparable between the groups. Time to conception (months) was significantly different between the surgical and nonsurgical groups (24 [12–51] vs. 18 [6.5–36], p = 0.030). Further, the probability of conception over time was significantly higher in the nonsurgical group (p = 0.002). The live birth rate was 78.8% (n = 63) in the surgical group and 69.2% (n = 101) in the nonsurgical group, with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.220). Endometrioma surgery was associated with a longer time to conception but had no effect on live birth rate or delivery outcome. Patient selection is critical and further investigation is needed to determine who will benefit from surgery.